{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:34:46Z","timestamp":1790091286500,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation\/Hong Kong\/Macao\/Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["2021YFH0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFH0189"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation\/Hong Kong\/Macao\/Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["2022NSFSC1363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1363"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation\/Hong Kong\/Macao\/Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["2021HXFH065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HXFH065"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan International Science Foundation Project","award":["2021YFH0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFH0189"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan International Science Foundation Project","award":["2022NSFSC1363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1363"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan International Science Foundation Project","award":["2021HXFH065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HXFH065"]}]},{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["2021YFH0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFH0189"]}]},{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["2022NSFSC1363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1363"]}]},{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["2021HXFH065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HXFH065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer remains a formidable global health burden, characterized by frequent late-stage diagnosis and elevated mortality rates attributable to its elusive pathogenesis and the critical lack of reliable early-detection biomarkers. Emerging investigations into the gut\u2013vaginal microbiome axis have unveiled novel pathogenic mechanisms and potential diagnostic targets in ovarian carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review systematically examines the compositional alterations in and functional interplay between vaginal and intestinal microbial communities in ovarian cancer patients. We elucidate three principal mechanistic pathways through which microbial dysbiosis may drive oncogenesis: (1) estrogen-mediated metabolic reprogramming via \u03b2-glucuronidase activity; (2) chronic activation of pro-inflammatory cascades (particularly NF-\u03baB and STAT3 signaling); (3) epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes through DNA methyltransferase modulation. We propose an integrative diagnostic framework synthesizing multi-omics data\u2014incorporating microbial profiles, metabolic signatures, pathway-specific molecular alterations, established clinical biomarkers, and imaging findings\u2014within a multifactorial etiological paradigm. This innovative approach aims to enhance early-detection accuracy through machine learning-enabled multidimensional pattern recognition. By bridging microbial ecology with tumor biology, this review provides novel perspectives for understanding ovarian cancer etiology and advancing precision oncology strategies through microbiome-targeted diagnostic innovations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T06:55:13Z","timestamp":1750920913000},"page":"635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gut\u2013Vaginal Microbiome Crosstalk in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Early Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8376-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongbin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangmei","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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