{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T17:46:22Z","timestamp":1789839982842,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Para\u00edba State Research Support Foundation (FAPESQ-PB)","award":["3390.18-07\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3390.18-07\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Para\u00edba State Research Support Foundation (FAPESQ-PB)","award":["307011\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307011\/2022-4"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["3390.18-07\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3390.18-07\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["307011\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307011\/2022-4"]}]},{"name":"Para\u00edba State University (UEPB)","award":["3390.18-07\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3390.18-07\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Para\u00edba State University (UEPB)","award":["307011\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307011\/2022-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most infectious diseases affecting humans are zoonotic in origin, with mammals serving as the main reservoirs. Frequent interactions between humans and animals, especially in the context of their use for food, medicine, and other purposes, pose significant public health risks, as recently demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In traditional medicine, many species\u2014some of which are also used as food\u2014are valued for their therapeutic versatility, that is, the diversity of medicinal uses attributed to each species. This study investigates the role of zoonotic potential in the selection of mammals used in traditional medicine at a global scale. We compiled data on 411 wild mammal species across 17 orders, identifying 5.146 associated pathogens, of which 2.778 (53.9%) also infect humans. Most diseases transmitted by these species are caused by viruses (33.4%), bacteria (23.3%), and helminths (22.3%). These mammals are used to treat at least 500 diseases or symptoms, and 4.3% of the species show high therapeutic versatility (RI &gt; 1). Our results indicate that species selection is shaped by both biological and cultural factors, with zoonotic potential being the most influential: species with a higher risk of disease transmission tend to be less used. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating zoonotic risk into research and policies regarding the medicinal use of wildlife.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:29:58Z","timestamp":1751002198000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Healing with Risks: How Zoonotic Potential Influences the Use of Wild Mammals in Traditional Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3628-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heliene Mota","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Etnobiologia e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0479-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayara Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Beltr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4985-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Karolina Martins","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Etnobiologia e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil"},{"name":"LAPEC\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Peixes e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha, Universidade Estadual da Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58071-160, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2993-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weslley Ruan Guimar\u00e3es da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, BioME, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1958-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Vicente Batista","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESG e Compliance, Masterboi, Av. da Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o, 7380 Dois Irm\u00e3os, Recife 52171-340, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6824-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f4mulo Romeu N\u00f3brega","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual da Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58071-160, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0889","article-title":"Diseases of Humans and Their Domestic Mammals: Pathogen Characteristics, Host Range and the Risk of Emergence","volume":"356","author":"Cleaveland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philos. 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