{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:27:24Z","timestamp":1772252844721,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anitox Corporation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the time-course of incubation for the potential preventative mitigation of megaviruses using Termin-8 (a formaldehyde-based product) and Finio (non-formaldehyde solution) from Anitox. Emiliania huxleyi virus (EhV), an algal surrogate for African swine fever virus (ASFV), was treated with the recommended concentrations of Termin-8 (0.1% to 0.3%) and Finio (0.05% to 0.2%), and both viability qPCR (V-qPCR) and standard PCR (S-qPCR) were used to quantify EhV concentrations at 1 h, 5 h, 24 h and day 7 post-inoculation. Overall, Finio, and to a lesser extent Termin-8, at their highest treatment concentrations, showed the greatest log reduction of 4.5 and 2 log10 units, respectively, at 1 h post-inoculation. Although Termin-8 efficacy did not improve with time, due to its fixing of viral particles and rendering them non-infectious, treatment with Finio showed 100% viable viral inactivation (&gt;5 log10 reduction units) at the lowest concentration after 7 days of exposure. Our results demonstrate that both Termin-8 and Finio can be used as effective chemical mitigants against megaviruses such as EhV and ASFV and can be used as effective preventive or mitigation strategies to prevent the transmission of ASFV by reducing particle viability in contaminated feed, although additional research is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1751975887000},"page":"672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the Antiviral Activity of Termin-8 and Finio Against a Surrogate ASFV-like Algal Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Palowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anitox Corporation, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Othmar","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anitox Corporation, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Holcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anitox Corporation, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7095-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Shurson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Food Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan C.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palowski:, A., Balestreri, C., Urriola, P.E., van de Ligt, J.L.G., Sampedro, F., Dee, S., Shah, A., Yancy, H.F., Shurson, G.C., and Schroeder, D.C. 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Mass Spectrom."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/7\/672\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:06:48Z","timestamp":1760033208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/7\/672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens14070672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14070672","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.05.14.654024","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}}}