{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:16:07Z","timestamp":1790705767657,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) message is a cornerstone of HIV-related public health communication, yet global levels of awareness and acceptance remain unclear across key populations. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of awareness and acceptance of the U=U message among men who have sex with men (MSM), people living with HIV (PLWH), healthcare professionals, and the general population. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using data from PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar without language restrictions through 31 October 2023. Eligible studies included prospective cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, and cross-sectional studies reporting numerical data on U=U awareness and acceptance. From 1171 screened records, 43 studies were included. Data were analyzed using a random effects model. The findings showed that U=U awareness was high among PLWH, moderate among MSM and healthcare professionals, and low in the general population. Complete acceptance of U=U was low in MSM and the general population, and moderate in PLWH and healthcare professionals. Any acceptance was moderate among MSM and the general population, and high among PLWH and healthcare professionals. These results highlight the need for targeted education strategies to enhance understanding and reduce HIV-related stigma, particularly in populations with lower awareness and acceptance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1751975887000},"page":"673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Undetectable = Untransmittable: A Cross-Population Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Awareness and Acceptance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Georgiadis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Katsimpris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1528-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perry N.","family":"Halkitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology and Center for Health Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark and New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8253-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evridiki","family":"Kaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1773-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Tzanakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonia","family":"Vassilakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos","family":"Beloukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9355-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros N.","family":"Sergentanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2025, June 30). 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