{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T00:52:46Z","timestamp":1793839966115,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Project IZS SI 07\/20 RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Project IZS SI 07\/20 RC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing threat to global health, and its spread through the food chain is gaining increasing attention. While AMR in food of animal origin has been extensively studied, less is known about its prevalence in plant-based foods, particularly fresh and ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables. This study investigated the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in fresh and RTE vegetables. Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular analyses for the characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). A significant proportion of samples were found to harbor antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. Several ARGs, including those encoding extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) and resistance to critically important antimicrobials, were detected. The findings point to environmental contamination\u2014potentially originating from wastewater reuse and agricultural practices\u2014as a likely contributor to AMR dissemination in vegetables. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and ARGs in fresh produce raises concerns about food safety and public health. The current regulatory framework lacks specific criteria for monitoring AMR in vegetables, highlighting the urgent need for surveillance programs and risk mitigation strategies. This study contributes to a better understanding of AMR in the plant-based food sector and supports the implementation of a One Health approach to address this issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1752241459000},"page":"682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria from Vegetable Foods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2722-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Castello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Department, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erine","family":"Seghers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, University of Burgundy Europe, B\u00e2timent Gabriel, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clelia","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Department, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Alduina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Department, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Cardamone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Trapote, E., Oliveira, M., Cobo-D\u00edaz, J.F., and Alvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez, A. (2024). 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