{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:36:44Z","timestamp":1788986204490,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Siedlce","award":["153\/23\/B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["153\/23\/B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are increasing worldwide. We evaluated the antibiotic resistance profile, biofilm production, and the frequency of 12 genes encoding carbapenemases and 13 virulence factors in 90 isolates from patients of three hospitals in various regions of Poland. Antibiotic resistance survey was performed using the disc-diffusion method, genes encoding resistance to carbapenems and virulence factors were detected with PCR, and biofilm formation was tested using microtiter plates. A total of 52.2% of isolates were resistant to all tested antibiotic groups (penicillins with \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole). Among the genes encoding carbapenem resistance, the blaOXA-23 (68.9%), blaOXA-40 (83.3%), and ISAba-blaOXA-51 (18.9%) were detected. The ompA, ata, and recA genes responsible for biofilm formation, adhesion, and stress response, respectively, occurred in all isolates. Genes responsible for the production of other adhesins (bap\u201494.4%, espA\u20144.4%, chop\u201437.7%), biofilm formation (pbpG\u201490.0%), production of siderophore (basD\u201497.7%), toxins (lipA\u201492.2%, cpaA\u20141.1%), glycoconjugates (bfmR\u201484.4%), and inducing host cell death (fhaB\u201471.1%, abeD\u201493.3%) were also found. A total of 68.8% of isolates produced biofilm. The isolates from Masovia had more virulence genes than isolates from the other regions; moreover, all isolates from Masovia and West Pomerania were multidrug-resistant (MDR), including resistance to carbapenems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14080731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T10:28:09Z","timestamp":1753352889000},"page":"731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High Prevalence of Virulence and blaOXA Genes Encoding Carbapenemases Among Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Hospitalised Patients in Three Regions of Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Szemraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Piechota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, 14 Boles\u0142awa Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Olszowiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Wicha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiological Laboratory, Our Lady of Perpetual Help Hospital, 1\/3 Gdy\u0144ska Str., 05-200 Wo\u0142omin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5785-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Pruss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9823-4176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3631-4701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Witeska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment Biology, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8291-5148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Szweda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 11\/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, 14 Boles\u0142awa Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klotz, P., Higgins, P.G., Schaubmar, A.R., Failing, K., Leidner, U., Seifert, H., Scheufen, S., Semmler, T., and Ewers, C. (2019). Seasonal occurrence and carbapenem susceptibility of bovine Acinetobacter baumannii in Germany. Front. 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