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In this study, liver samples and blood smears were obtained from 289 rodents belonging to 14 Cricetidae and two Muridae species that had been captured in municipalities of the states of Paran\u00e1 and Rio de Janeiro. Smears were stained with Giemsa, and gametocytes were detected via microscopy in 10.72% (n = 31\/289) of samples, with these individuals representing three rodent species. Significant morphometric differences were observed in gametocyte measurements in Akodon rodents. Using conventional PCR, Hepatozoon spp. 18S rDNA fragments were amplified in 24.91% (n = 72\/289) of samples, with those individuals representing seven rodent species. Phylogenetic analyses clustered 41 sequences from this study into a subclade with other sequences from small mammals in Brazil, identifying four distinct haplotypes, and, for the first time, a relationship between Hepatozoon haplotype and gametocyte length was observed. Based on phylogenetic analysis, this study reinforces the trophic relationship between rodents and reptiles as a possible link in the Hepatozoon transmission cycle in South America. Furthermore, our findings expand knowledge on Hepatozoon spp. hosts, describing Oxymycterus nasutus and Oxymycterus quaestor as new host species and identifying two novel circulating haplotypes in rodents from Paran\u00e1 State, southern Brazil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14080756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1754466311000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Morphometric and Molecular Insights into Hepatozoon spp. in Wild and Synanthropic Rodents from Southern and Southeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tatiana P\u00e1dua Tavares de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Reservoir Wild Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9013-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo Rodrigues","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Reservoir Wild Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduarda de Oliveira Silva Lima","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Leandro Lira","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6998-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds da Silva de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-7792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Varella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Reservoir Wild Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8218-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huarrisson Azevedo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando de Oliveira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Reservoir Wild Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4488-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliani Marilia","family":"Tiepolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analysis and Monitoring of Atlantic Forest, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Campus Litoral, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Luiz","family":"Massard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristela","family":"Peckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Hepatozoon perniciosum (n. g., n. sp.); A haemogregarine pathogenic for white rats; With a description of the sexual cycle in the inter mediate host, a mite (Lelaps echidninus)","volume":"46","author":"Miller","year":"1908","journal-title":"Hygienic Lab. 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