{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:31:31Z","timestamp":1784817091515,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed the seroprevalence of anti-Anisakis simplex antibodies in Norwegian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), compared with healthy controls. Associations between anti-A. simplex antibody positivity and clinical or laboratory parameters in IBD were also explored. A total of 86 UC patients, 68 CD patients, and 41 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled from four Norwegian hospitals (2013\u20132022). Diagnosis and disease activity were established using standard clinical, endoscopic, and biomarker criteria. Serum samples were analyzed for total Ig, IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE antibodies against A. simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens using ELISA. Anti-A. simplex IgG seroprevalence was 4.9% in controls and 3.2% in IBD (3.5% UC, 2.9% CD). IgM seroprevalence was 0% in all groups. IgA seroprevalence was higher in IBD (16.2%) than controls (4.9%), with 14.0% in UC and 19.1% in CD. IgE seroprevalence was low across all groups. Smoking correlated with lower antibody levels and higher surgery rates. In UC, higher anti-A. simplex IgG and IgE levels were associated with milder disease and better prognosis. Anti-TNF\u03b1 and azathioprine treatments were linked to higher anti-A. simplex IgA. Norwegian UC and CD patients had significantly higher anti-A. simplex total Ig and IgA seroprevalence than healthy controls, indicating increased exposure or immune response. Anti-A. simplex IgG and IgE may serve as markers of clinical activity in UC. Further research is warranted to clarify the clinical significance of these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14080769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1754466311000},"page":"769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Anti-Anisakis simplex Antibodies in a Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Norway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda P.","family":"de la Hoz-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Parasitolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0306-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Parasitolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Andreu-Ballester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n FISABIO\u2014Salud P\u00fablica de Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marte L.","family":"Hoivik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Ricanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, and University of Oslo, 1478 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1568-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torunn","family":"Bruland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne K.","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Cu\u00e9llar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Parasitolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9619-7634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Catal\u00e1n-Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust, 7600 Levanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.09.009","article-title":"A tale of two diseases: The history of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"8","author":"Mulder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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