{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:06:32Z","timestamp":1774595192640,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005672","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TO 80\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TO 80\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005672","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), predominantly caused by Candida albicans, represents a global health issue, particularly in developing regions. This study explores the antifungal potential of aqueous leaf extract of Schinus weinmanniifolia Mart. ex Engl., a native Latin American plant. The extract was evaluated for phytochemical composition, antifungal efficacy, and safety profile. Phytochemical analyses identified six major compounds, including shikimic acid, gallic acid, and methyl gallate, with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values between 1.52\u20135.51 \u00b5g\/mL. It strongly inhibited C. albicans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.95 \u00b5g\/mL, and was active against other yeasts (MIC 0.48\u201362.5 \u00b5g\/mL). The growth kinetics assay revealed reduced C. albicans viability after 12 h at 2 \u00d7 MIC versus the positive control. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed reduced fungal counts without morphological damage. The extract impaired C. albicans virulence, reducing germ tube formation by 75.49% and hyphal transition by 84.34%, outperforming fluconazole. Biocompatibility assays showed it is non-hemolytic (IC50 &gt; 1000 \u00b5g\/mL), non-mutagenic, and highly selective for fungal cells (SI = 512.82), suggesting minimal human cell toxicity. In conclusion, the extract combines strong antifungal activity and favorable safety, with cost-effective preparation suitable for traditional medicine in resource-limited regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14080799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T11:02:09Z","timestamp":1754910129000},"page":"799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chemical Composition, Biocompatibility, and Anti-Candida\u00a0albicans Activity of Schinus weinmanniifolia Mart. ex Engl."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4860-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3836-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Almeida-Apolonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curso de Engenharia Ambiental e Sanit\u00e1ria, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1651-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2267-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5362-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Alimentos e Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Experimental, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4934-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0031-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FRG-Fungi Research Group, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8823-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FRG-Fungi Research Group, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0317-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FRG-Fungi Research Group, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es 4710-057, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"myae045","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae045","article-title":"Candida albicans-A Systematic Review to Inform the World Health Organization Fungal Priority Pathogens List","volume":"62","author":"Parambath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. 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