{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:39:48Z","timestamp":1760060388730,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/37\/N\/NZ5\/00835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/37\/N\/NZ5\/00835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cystic fibrosis is a progressive disease affecting various organs of the human body, including the respiratory system. While the effect of bacterial infection on cystic fibrosis outcome has been comprehensively described, little is known about the impact of viruses. We collected 49 nasopharyngeal swabs derived from cystic fibrosis paediatric patients during pulmonary exacerbation and tested them for the presence of respiratory viruses to elucidate the influence of the viral infection on their clinical outcome. We found that patients infected with a virus, compared to those in whom molecular testing for viruses was negative, are characterised by a better clinical outcome, as measured by the Shwachman\u2013Kulczycki score (p = 0.006) and have better chest radiographs, as indicated by the Brasfield score (p = 0.002). Moreover, these patients have lower C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.002). We assume this unexpected association of better clinical outcomes during viral infection should be studied further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14090850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T08:19:32Z","timestamp":1756282772000},"page":"850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viral Infection Correlates with a Better Clinical Outcome than Pulmonary Exacerbation of Bacterial Origin in Paediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4219-9620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Stachowiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3371-1645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Andrzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9412-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Jo\u0144czyk-Potoczna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Naro\u017cna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Musia\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8772-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7811-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Br\u0119borowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3379-9106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Szczepankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6724-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Wojsyk-Banaszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1421OC","article-title":"Failure to recover to baseline pulmonary function after cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation","volume":"182","author":"Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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