{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:40:23Z","timestamp":1760060423294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIAID","award":["U01 AI151807","001","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI151807","001","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["U01 AI151807","001","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI151807","001","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior-Brasil (CAPES)","award":["U01 AI151807","001","88882.348380\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI151807","001","88882.348380\/2010-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Between 2016 and 2018, the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, experienced its most significant yellow fever (YF) outbreak in 80 years. Yellow fever virus (YFV) circulation persisted afterward, with continued non-human primate (NHP) epizootics and, recently, human cases. In June 2024, YFV RNA was detected in a dead marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in an urban square in Belo Horizonte (BH), prompting a field investigation in an adjacent park to assess infection in potential mosquito vectors and NHPs. A total of 250 mosquitoes representing nine species were collected at ground and canopy level, of which Aedes fluviatilis and Aedes scapularis comprised 78.8% of the specimens. Haemagogus spp. and Sabethes spp. mosquitoes were not collected, possibly due to the short sampling window during the dry season. No active YFV infection was detected in any of the mosquito pools tested. Eight marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) were captured and tested for arboviral infections. Five out of eight sera, representing both adult and juvenile (less than 17 months old) animals, tested positive for anti-YFV IgM. Interestingly, two adults recaptured in later expeditions revealed seroconversion. One was IgM-positive in July 2024 but negative by September 2024, consistent with the expected decline in IgM levels. The other, initially IgM-negative (as of July 2024), tested positive in April 2025, indicating recent exposure to YFV. These findings provide evidence for the ongoing, low-level circulation of YFV among urban NHPs, posing a continued risk of viral spillover to humans. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of active surveillance in detecting recent infections that would likely be missed by passive monitoring. This integrated approach enhances our understanding of local YF epidemiology and supports early, evidence-based public health interventions to prevent future human outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14090866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1756825377000},"page":"866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uncovering Hidden Transmission: Active Surveillance Reveals Cryptic Circulation of Yellow Fever Virus in Urban Marmosets in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5869-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Soares","family":"Arruda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds Alkifeles","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5567-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Dias","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelle Alves","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1653-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikaelly Frasson","family":"Biccas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"de Oliveira Paschoal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Catarina Dias Soares","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha Stephany Fiuza Meneses","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4256-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Fernanda","family":"Garcia-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Luiza Campos","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Trindade","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda Alves","family":"Souza e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ambr\u00f3zio","family":"da Rocha Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renov\u00e1veis, Belo Horizonte 30110-051, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thais Melo","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diretoria de Zoonoses da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte 30110-051, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-5621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Augusto","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0708-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikos","family":"Vasilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA"},{"name":"Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4573-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"do Vale Beir\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4049-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bet\u00e2nia Paiva","family":"Drumond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1277-7","article-title":"Recent Sylvatic Yellow Fever Virus Transmission in Brazil: The News from an Old Disease","volume":"17","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Secretaria de Estado de Sa\u00fade de Minas Gerais (2025, June 24). Alerta-Cen\u00e1rio Epidemiol\u00f3gico Febre Amarela, 2021 (SES\/SUBVS-SVE-DVAT-CEVARB 1877\/2021), Available online: https:\/\/www.saude.mg.gov.br\/febreamarela\/."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Secretaria de Estado de Sa\u00fade de Minas Gerais (2025, June 24). Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico Especial: Encerramento do Per\u00edodo Sazonal de Monitoramento da Febre Amarela (Julho\/2022 a Junho\/2023) e Fortalecimento das A\u00e7\u00f5es de Imuniza\u00e7\u00e3o em Minas Gerais, 2023\/2024 (Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico SES\/SUBVS-SVE-DVAT-CEPI 4618\/2023), Available online: https:\/\/www.saude.mg.gov.br\/febreamarela\/."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento e Gest\u00e3o do Estado de Minas Gerais (2025, June 24). Cobertura Vacinal Contra a Febre Amarela Quase Dobra em um Ano. MG.GOV.BR-Planejamento, Available online: https:\/\/www.mg.gov.br\/planejamento\/noticias\/saude\/01\/2018\/cobertura-vacinal-contra-febre-amarela-quase-dobra-em-um-ano."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220127","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760220127","article-title":"Fast Surveillance Response Reveals the Introduction of a New Yellow Fever Virus Sub-Lineage in 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"117","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cru."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Oliveira, G.F., Guimar\u00e3es, A.C.S., Moreira, G.D., Costa, T.A., Arruda, M.S., de Mello, \u00c9.M., Silva, M.C., de Almeida, M.G., Hanley, K.A., and Vasilakis, N. (2024). Correction: Garcia-Oliveira et al. YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021\u20132023). Viruses, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010031"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, C.H., Andrade, M.S., Campos, F.S., Cardoso, J.C., Gon\u00e7alves-Dos-Santos, M.E., Oliveira, R.S., Aquino-Teixeira, S.M., Campos, A.A., Almeida, M.A.B., and Simonini-Teixeira, D. (2023). Yellow Fever Virus Maintained by Sabethes Mosquitoes during the Dry Season in Cerrado, a Semiarid Region of Brazil, in 2021. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030757"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, N.I.O., Albery, G.F., Arruda, M.S., Oliveira, G.F.G., Costa, T.A., de Mello, \u00c9.M., Moreira, G.D., Reis, E.V., da Silva, S.A., and Silva, M.C. (2023). Ecological Drivers of Sustained Enzootic Yellow Fever Virus Transmission in Brazil, 2017\u20132021. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011407"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Minas Gerais Department of Health (2025, July 17). Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o das Epizootias Ocorridas em PNH e Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, Segundo Munic\u00edpio e URS de Ocorr\u00eancia, Minas Gerais, Per\u00edodo de Monitoramento 1 2024\u20132025, Available online: https:\/\/www.saude.mg.gov.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tabela-Epizootias05-05-2025-1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Brazilian Ministry of Health (2025, July 17). Painel Febre Amarela. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/composicao\/svsa\/cnie\/painel-febre-amarela."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Brazilian Ministry of Health (2014). Guia de Vigil\u00e2ncia de Epizootias em Primatas N\u00e3o Humanos e Entomologia Aplicada \u00e0 Vigil\u00e2ncia da Febre Amarela."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1071\/WR14148","article-title":"Good Neighbours: Distribution of Black-Tufted Marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in an Urban Environment","volume":"42","author":"Teixeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wildl. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05143-0","article-title":"Ecological and Environmental Factors Affecting Transmission of Sylvatic Yellow Fever in the 2017\u20132019 Outbreak in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Neves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Pinheiro (1997). Panorama de Belo Horizonte\u2013Atlas Hist\u00f3rico, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Pinheiro."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Centro de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Estrat\u00e9gicas em Sa\u00fade do Estado de Minas Gerais (2025, June 24). Orienta\u00e7\u00e3o aos Profissionais de Sa\u00fade acerca da Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de Febre Amarela em Primata N\u00e3o Humano no Munic\u00edpio de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Alerta Epidemiol\u00f3gico 5), Available online: https:\/\/www.saude.mg.gov.br\/aedes\/orientacoes\/."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Municipal de Parques e Zoobot\u00e2nica da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (2025, June 24). Parque Mata das Borboletas, Available online: https:\/\/prefeitura.pbh.gov.br\/fundacao-de-parques-e-zoobotanica\/informacoes\/parques\/parque-mata-das-borboletas."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Forattini, O.P. (2002). Culicidologia M\u00e9dica: Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o, Biologia e Epidemiologia, EDUSP. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2218","article-title":"Biological Identifications through DNA Barcodes","volume":"270","author":"Hebert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Rezende, I.M., Alves, P.A., Arruda, M.S., Gon\u00e7alves, A.P., Oliveira, G.F.G., Pereira, L.S., Dutra, M.R.T., Campi-Azevedo, A.C., Valim, V., and Tourinho, R. (2019). Yellow Fever Virus Genotyping Tool and Investigation of Suspected Adverse Events Following Yellow Fever Vaccination. Vaccines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7040206"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4054","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01799-12","article-title":"Advanced Yellow Fever Virus Genome Detection in Point-of-Care Facilities and Reference Laboratories","volume":"50","author":"Domingo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.080287","article-title":"Genetic and Serologic Properties of Zika Virus Associated with an Epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007","volume":"14","author":"Lanciotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160062","article-title":"Multiplexed Reverse Transcription Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Simultaneous Detection of Mayaro, Oropouche, and Oropouche-like Viruses","volume":"112","author":"Naveca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.05.008","article-title":"Molecular Diagnosis and Analysis of Chikungunya Virus","volume":"39","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-58","article-title":"Development of One-Step Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR for the Rapid Detection of Flaviviruses","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5463","article-title":"DNA Sequencing with Chain-Terminating Inhibitors","volume":"74","author":"Sanger","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Moreira, G.D. (2025). Samanthex, Version 2.0, GitHub. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/Dias0202\/SAMANTHEX_2.0."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Moreira, G.D. (2025). Samanthex, version 1.0.0, Zenodo."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"BOLD Systems (2025, June 24). BOLD-The Barcode of Life Data Systems, Available online: https:\/\/boldsystems.org\/."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rylands, A.B. (1993). From Dependence to Sexual Maturity: The Behavioural Ontogeny of Callitrichidae. Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Behaviour, and Ecology, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540229.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Couto-Lima, D., Madec, Y., Bersot, M.I., Campos, S.S., Motta, M.A., dos Santos, F.B., Vazeille, M., Vasconcelos, P.F.C., Louren\u00e7o-De-Oliveira, R., and Failloux, A.-B. (2017). Potential Risk of Re-Emergence of Urban Transmission of Yellow Fever Virus in Brazil Facilitated by Competent Aedes Populations. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05186-3"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damasceno-Caldeira, R., Nunes-Neto, J.P., Arag\u00e3o, C.F., Freitas, M.N.O., Ferreira, M.S., de Castro, P.H.G., Dias, D.D., Ara\u00fajo, P.A.S., Brand\u00e3o, R.C.F., and Nunes, B.T.D. (2023). Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Yellow Fever Virus: Risk of Reemergence of Urban Yellow Fever in Brazil. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202303.0330.v1"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105390","article-title":"Genomic Evidence of Yellow Fever Virus in Aedes scapularis, Southeastern Brazil, 2016","volume":"205","author":"Cunha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9728","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54146-9","article-title":"Potential Role of Heterologous Flavivirus Immunity in Preventing Urban Transmission of Yellow Fever Virus","volume":"15","author":"Shinde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, S.C., Dellicour, S., Claro, I.M., Sequeira, P.C., Adelino, T., Th\u00e9z\u00e9, J., Wu, C.-H., Moreira, F.R.R., Giovanetti, M., and Li, S.L. (2022). Climate and Land-Use Shape the Spread of Zoonotic Yellow Fever Virus. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.08.25.22278983"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.08.043","article-title":"The Kinetics of Viral Load and Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1128\/am.25.4.539-544.1973","article-title":"Yellow Fever Vaccine: Direct Challenge of Monkeys Given Graded Doses of 17D Vaccine","volume":"25","author":"Mason","year":"1973","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanley, K.A., Azar, S.R., Campos, R.K., Vasilakis, N., and Rossi, S.L. (2019). Support for the Transmission-Clearance Trade-Off Hypothesis from a Study of Zika Virus Delivered by Mosquito Bite to Mice. Viruses., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11111072"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46810-x","article-title":"Trade-Offs Shaping Transmission of Sylvatic Dengue and Zika Viruses in Monkey Hosts","volume":"15","author":"Hanley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Long, S.S. (2012). Flaviviruses. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Elsevier. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezende, I.M., Pereira, L.S., Fradico, J.R.B., Xavier, M.A.P., Alves, P.A., Campi-Azevedo, A.C., Speziali, E., dos Santos, L.Z.M., Albuquerque, N.S., and Penido, I. (2020). Late-Relapsing Hepatitis after Yellow Fever. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020222"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00016-0","article-title":"Yellow Fever: An Update","volume":"1","author":"Monath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.08.002","article-title":"Diversity and Abundance of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Urban Park: Larval Habitats and Temporal Variation","volume":"150","author":"Nardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"e60","article-title":"Oviposition Behavior of Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Diptera: Culicidae), a Vector of Wild Yellow Fever in Brazil","volume":"59","author":"Maia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/9\/866\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:36:55Z","timestamp":1760035015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/9\/866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens14090866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14090866","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-0817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}