{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:58:03Z","timestamp":1792097883043,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCYT), now SECIHTI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico","award":["SECTEI\/138\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECTEI\/138\/2024"]}]},{"name":"DGAPA-UNAM","award":["PAPIIT-DGAPA-IN230523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT-DGAPA-IN230523"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pneumonia in young children in Mexico and worldwide. To investigate RSV dynamics in Mexico, we conducted a multicenter study from August 2021 to July 2023 in six hospitals across five States, analyzing respiratory samples from children under five years with pneumonia. Multiplex RT-PCR identified 203 RSV-positive cases, of which 123 were RSV-B and 80 RSV-A. Interestingly, 77% of the collected samples showed evidence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, with rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common. Also, RSV-B dominated in 2021\u20132022, whereas RSV-A prevailed in 2022\u20132023, mirroring trends observed in the United States. Sequences of the genes encoding G and F proteins showed that RSV-A lineages were more diverse, with A.D.1, A.D.1.8, and A.D.5.2 being frequently detected. In contrast, nearly all RSV-B sequences belonged to lineage B.D.E.1. Finally, ancestral state inference suggests repeated introductions from the USA and other North American countries, with limited evidence of sustained local circulation. These findings show different trends in RSV circulation between two consecutive seasons and the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor RSV diversity, evaluate vaccine impact, and inform public health strategies in Mexico\u2019s evolving post-pandemic respiratory virus landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14100996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T09:38:08Z","timestamp":1759397888000},"page":"996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Circulation of RSV Subtypes A and B Among Mexican Children During the 2021\u20132022 and 2022\u20132023 Seasons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1034-204X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selene","family":"Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1896-5962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Taboada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica del Desarrollo y Fisiolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Torres-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1641-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Bautista-Carbajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9706-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Leonardo","family":"Garcia-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Tabla-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico de Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0688-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Susana","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Tob\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Central \u201cDr. Ignacio Morones Prieto\u201d, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4840-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Noyola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7580-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Antonio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1315-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria del Carmen","family":"Espinosa-Sotero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de M\u00e9xico \u201cDr. Eduardo Liceaga\u201d, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Municipal del Ni\u00f1o de Durango, Durango 34167, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1744-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Rojas-Larios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional IMSS Bienestar Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0476-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Sanchez-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciaci\u00f3n Masiva y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica del Desarrollo y Fisiolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3582-5120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Wong-Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01012-2","article-title":"Differences Between RSV A and RSV B Subgroups and Implications for Pharmaceutical Preventive Measures","volume":"13","author":"Nuttens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. 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