{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:07:46Z","timestamp":1792177666937,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) represents one of the most significant bacterial pathogen groups affecting both animals and humans worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MTBC species distribution across different animal hosts and evaluates current laboratory diagnostic methodologies for pathogen detection and identification. The complex comprises seven primary species: Mycobacterium bovis, M. caprae, M. tuberculosis, M. microti, M. canettii, M. africanum, and M. pinnipedii, each exhibiting distinct host preferences, geographical distributions, and pathogenic characteristics. Despite sharing &gt;99% genetic homology, these species demonstrate variable biochemical properties, morphological features, and pathogenicity profiles across mammalian species. Current diagnostic approaches encompass both traditional culture-based methods and advanced molecular techniques, including whole genome sequencing. This review emphasises the critical importance of rapid, accurate detection methods for effective tuberculosis surveillance and control programmes in veterinary and public health contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14101004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T08:10:51Z","timestamp":1759738251000},"page":"1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infections in Animals: A Comprehensive Review of Species Distribution and Laboratory Diagnostic Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1815-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Szacawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Bacterial Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Radulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County Veterinary Inspectorate, C.K. Norwida 17, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9288-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Sciences, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6509-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Szulowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Bacterial Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Krajewska-W\u0119dzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphology and Pathological Characteristics of Mycobacteria","volume":"12","author":"Gunasingam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycobact. 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