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As life expectancy continues to increase worldwide, HSV-1 should remain a focus to minimize its associated health complications within the aging population. While often asymptomatic, HSV-1 causes oral and cutaneous lesions and establishes latency with periodic reactivation. Antivirals reduce symptoms but do not eradicate the virus. Emerging evidence links HSV-1 to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) via chronic neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta and tau accumulation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction, with viral proteins detected in AD-affected brain regions. This review assesses the current evidence for HSV-1 in dementia pathogenesis, examines antiviral strategies as potential neuroprotective interventions, and outlines the experimental models required to establish causality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14101022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:06:53Z","timestamp":1759932413000},"page":"1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["HSV-1 as a Potential Driver of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3920-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar-Yin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Sealy School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6073-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Seok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"The Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, June 16). 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