{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:48:39Z","timestamp":1788850119261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research","award":["2025-QU-APC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-QU-APC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food-producing animals serves as a major catalyst for the emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Enterobacterales in animal-derived foods. A total of 905 animal-derived food samples, including meat, dairy, poultry, fish, and environmental sources, were collected from various locations in Pakistan. Isolates were confirmed through selective subculturing, morphological, biochemical, and MALDI-TOF analysis, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. Subsequently, PCR-based detection of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence-associated genes. Overall, a total of 263 (29.06%) Enterobacterales were identified, as follows: 58.55% (154\/263) E. coli, 6.84% (18\/263) K. pneumoniae, 21.29% (56\/263) P. mirabilis, and 13.30% (35\/263) Salmonella spp. Isolates showed a varying resistance pattern against different studied antibiotics, e.g., beta-lactams and inhibitors, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline, while colistin and tigecycline remained most effective. All the isolates displayed an array of antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated genes. Particularly significant (&lt;0.05) co-existence of blaNDM and mcr-1 was observed among the Enterobacterales isolated from various animal-derived foods. This study underscores the need to monitor Enterobacterales in animal-derived foods, especially in developing countries, to curb the spread of resistant pathogens and ensure effective food safety measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14101040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T05:48:21Z","timestamp":1760420901000},"page":"1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Paradigm of Enterobacterales in Animal-Derived Food Sources: A One Health Disquiet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4265-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5568-5049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hidayat","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3196-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsin","family":"Khurshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Jacob","family":"Sasanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sulaiman F.","family":"Aljasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0503-9","article-title":"Defining and combating antibiotic resistance from One Health and Global Health perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Coque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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