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Since its identification, CHIKV remained confined to parts of Africa and Asia until the early 2000s, when it expanded to other continents, causing epidemics. Structurally, it is an enveloped virus with a positive-single-stranded RNA genome, which encodes four non-structural proteins (nsP1-nsP4), responsible for viral replication, and five structural proteins (C, E3, E2, 6K, and E1), which form the capsid and envelope. Of these proteins, glycoproteins E1 and E2 are essential for cell recognition and membrane fusion, determining infectivity and viral tropism. CHIKV replication occurs in the cytosol of different cell types, triggering an intense inflammatory and immune response, which manifests clinically as Chikungunya fever (CHIKF). Despite its epidemiological impact, current treatment is limited to symptomatic approaches, including the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatories, as no specific antiviral therapies are available. In response, promising advances are being made, including the development of vaccines, targeted antivirals, and immunotherapies. This article aims to review the main aspects of viral biology, epidemiology, and immunopathogenesis of CHIKV infection, in addition to discussing the main advances in the development of new therapeutic approaches for its control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14101047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:33:22Z","timestamp":1760632402000},"page":"1047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Review of the Biology of Chikungunya Virus Highlighting the Development of Current Novel Therapeutic and Prevention Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geovana","family":"Martelossi-Cebinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology, and General Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0842-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology, and General Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4047-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Yaekashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology, and General Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana M.","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7073-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz H. S.","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology, and General Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda S.","family":"Rasquel-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Childrens\u2019s Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building 1 Blackfan St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7350-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Zanluca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Carlos Chagas Institute\/Fiocruz Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8707-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia N.","family":"Duarte dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Carlos Chagas Institute\/Fiocruz Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9831-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Arredondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Childrens\u2019s Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building 1 Blackfan St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffani A.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Childrens\u2019s Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building 1 Blackfan St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2296-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubia","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldiceu A.","family":"Verri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology, and General Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simo, F.B.N., Burt, F.J., and Makoah, N.A. 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