{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:33:39Z","timestamp":1778632419175,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GOSPOSTRATEG-III\/0061\/2020\u201300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOSPOSTRATEG-III\/0061\/2020\u201300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the optimal incubation time for accurate assessment of Ascaris suum eggs viability, an important step in improving parasitological diagnostics. The experiment used A. suum eggs collected from three sources: adult roundworms uteri (U), pig faeces (F) and sewage sludge (S), then incubated at 27 \u00b0C and monitored weekly. The number of Petri dishes used for eggs observations for each source was 12 (100 eggs were observed on each Petri dish). Eggs were classified as dead (with clear deformations), viable (with motile larvae) or of uncertain viability (retaining structural integrity but undeveloped). The results showed that eggs from group U had the highest viability (96%) and developed larvae within 3 weeks. In contrast, group F (52% viability) and S (3% viability) showed delayed development, requiring up to 8\u201312 weeks for a conclusive viability assessment. The differences in the percentage of QE, LE, and DEwere generally statistically significant, except in the case of eggs from sewage sludge in the fourth week of incubation. These results indicate significant differences in egg viability depending on the sample source and emphasise the need for longer incubation times, particularly for environmental samples such as sewage sludge. The study also highlights the limitations of single time point assessments based solely on egg structure, which can lead to misclassification. In conclusion, prolonged incubation improves diagnostic accuracy by allowing a clearer distinction between viable and non-viable eggs, especially in samples with initially uncertain viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14101070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1761058399000},"page":"1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of Incubation Time for Viability Assessment of Ascaris suum Eggs\u2014Attempts to Optimise the Parasitological Examination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1090-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Badziak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Bee Diseases and Aquatic Animal Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7297-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Zdybel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Bee Diseases and Aquatic Animal Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Osi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Diseases of Animals, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Bilska-Zaj\u0105c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Bee Diseases and Aquatic Animal Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5830-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Karamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Bee Diseases and Aquatic Animal Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-7636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Sroka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Bee Diseases and Aquatic Animal Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Skubida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Bee Diseases and Aquatic Animal Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5260-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"W\u00f3jcik-Fatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3649-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Cencek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Bee Diseases and Aquatic Animal Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pu\u0142awy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(Dziennik Ustaw, 2015). 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