{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T04:29:08Z","timestamp":1761280148439,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82372275","82320108014","81971967","82172302","82230077","W2411080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372275","82320108014","81971967","82172302","82230077","W2411080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission of Research Project","award":["202240012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202240012"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Blue Cross Brain Hospital Co., Ltd."},{"name":"hanghai Tongji University Education Development Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obligate intracellular parasites must efficiently invade host cells to complete their life cycle and facilitate transmission. For the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the invasion of an erythrocyte is a critical process, and thereby a key target for intervention strategies. In this study, we investigate the role of the ApiAP2 family transcription factor PfAP2-06B (PF3D7_0613800) in the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of P. falciparum and focus on its regulation of genes involved in erythrocyte invasion. Conditional knockdown of PfAP2-06B resulted in a defect in asexual growth and impaired erythrocyte invasion. Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that PfAP2-06B modulates the expression of invasion-related genes during the schizont stage. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated that PfAP2-06B influences invasion gene expression and contributes to stochastic variations in expression of cell-to-cell genes. These results underscore the critical function of PfAP2-06B in the process of erythrocyte invasion and suggest its potential as a target for novel malaria control strategies. Importance: Understanding gene regulation in Plasmodium falciparum is essential for uncovering mechanisms of parasite development and pathogenicity. The research underscores the pivotal role of PfAP2-06B in regulating critical aspects of Plasmodium intraerythrocytic development and host cell invasion, demonstrating that PfAP2-06B plays a key role in orchestrating stage-specific gene expression. These findings provide new insights into the transcriptional networks of P. falciparum and highlight PfAP2-06B as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. This work advances our understanding of malaria pathogenesis and developing effective interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1761182042000},"page":"1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An ApiAP2 Family Transcriptional Factor PfAP2-06B Regulates Erythrocyte Invasion Indirectly in Plasmodium falciparum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayao","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaobao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxia","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.06.003","article-title":"Parasite Calcineurin Regulates Host Cell Recognition and Attachment by Apicomplexans","volume":"18","author":"Paul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network (2015). 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