{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T06:34:13Z","timestamp":1772519653908,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82574173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82003516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017962","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["M2020020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2020020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline","award":["ZDXK202250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDXK202250"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). While body mass index (BMI) affects TB risk, its association with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in PLHIV is unclear. High-transmission settings, such as prisons, may further increase LTBI risk, yet this relationship has not been studied across both prison and community populations of PLHIV. Methods: We conducted a dual cross-sectional study of PLHIV in Jiangsu Province, China, recruiting participants from a prison hospital in 2021 and community healthcare facilities from July to November 2023. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight. LTBI was identified by a positive ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) skin test or the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay. Logistic regression and generalized additive models (GAMs) assessed the association between BMI and LTBI, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral confounders. Results: A total of 1799 PLHIV were included in the analysis, of whom 343 (19.07%) were recruited from prison settings and 1456 (80.93%) from community-based screening. The overall prevalence of LTBI was 13.79% (n = 248). Obesity (BMI \u2265 28 kg\/m2) was linked to a significantly lower risk of LTBI (adjusted OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23\u20130.95, p = 0.036), particularly when identified by EC testing (adjusted OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.54, p = 0.005). The BMI\u2013LTBI association followed a nonlinear \u201cU-shaped\u201d pattern, with the lowest prevalence in individuals who were obese. Among those with CD4+ T cell counts &lt; 500 cells\/\u03bcL, the inverse association between obesity and LTBI was even more marked (adjusted OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05\u20130.83, p = 0.027). Conclusion: In summary, obesity is significantly associated with a lower risk of LTBI among PLHIV, with an approximate 54% risk reduction. This inverse relationship was most pronounced when using the EC skin test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T08:14:04Z","timestamp":1761207244000},"page":"1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Body Mass Index on Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Combined Assessment in People Living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-7578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, October 24). 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