{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:45:31Z","timestamp":1790207131255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science","award":["AP19679670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP19679670"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies is endemic in Kazakhstan, with the primary reservoirs being wild canids, such as foxes and dogs, maintaining distinct sylvatic and urban cycles. This paper outlines three high-return priorities for rabies control in the country, informed by the epidemiological patterns of the disease, the national regulatory framework (Order No. 7-1\/587), and evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the Kazakh population. The three priorities are (a) transition into a One Health, real-time surveillance system featuring standardized digital reporting and GIS-guided interventions; (b) implementation of biannual oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of foxes in high-risk districts, incorporating mandatory quality assurance (via tetracycline biomarkers and\/or serology) aligned with EU\/EFSA standards; and (c) adopt an urban strategy focused on dogs to increase vaccination coverage and reduce delays in human post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). These measures align with the WOAH Terrestrial Code and the \u201cZero by 30\u201d roadmap, leveraging existing national assets like risk maps and laboratory capacity, such as dFAT, RT-PCR, and sequencing. Kazakhstan\u2019s predictable rabies pattern allows for targeting district-level strategies and transparent measurement of risk reduction, contingent on enforcing standardized reporting and rigorous quality assurance programs. The opinions introduced in this paper are based on the scientific evidence collected in Kazakhstan over the last decade and summarize the need for urgent actions to promote rabies control in the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T09:44:30Z","timestamp":1761212670000},"page":"1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Animal Rabies in Kazakhstan: Stable Endemicity, Surveillance Pitfalls, and Priority Actions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3707-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarsenbay K.","family":"Abdrakhmanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asem Zh.","family":"Abenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aizada A.","family":"Mukhanbetkaliyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7378-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fedor I.","family":"Korennoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGBI ARRIAH), Vladimir 600901, Russia"},{"name":"Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2592-4931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres M.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul Campus, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, A.C. 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