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Available data was compiled and analyzed following PRISMA guidelines, revealing pronounced geographical variability. Prevalence was highest in southern European countries such as Portugal, Italy, and Greece, while substantially lower rates were reported in Central and Northern Europe. Despite differences in diagnostic approaches and surveillance intensity across countries, overall patterns point to endemic transmission in southern regions and a growing epidemiological risk in areas traditionally considered non-endemic. These findings underscore the need for harmonized diagnostic protocols and a strengthened surveillance network, consistent with the One Health framework, to enable effective responses to climate change and the shifting landscape of vector-borne diseases in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:47:36Z","timestamp":1761266856000},"page":"1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Canine Leishmaniasis in Europe over the Last Decade: A Review of Geographic Trends and Epidemiological Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1888-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anamaria","family":"Plesko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences 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Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3659-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119, Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4207-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioan Cristian","family":"Dreghiciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119, Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0283-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Pocinoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119, Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9585-1403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florica","family":"Morariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic 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