{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:20:04Z","timestamp":1787170804946,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a neglected tropical pathogen that has been increasingly encountered in Europe through travel-related infections. Clinical manifestations range from localized abscesses to life-threatening sepsis, posing diagnostic challenges in non-endemic regions. Methods: We report two travel-associated melioidosis cases confirmed in Hungary between 2008 and 2024. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and core-genome MLST (cgMLST) were performed for molecular characterization. In parallel, a systematic review of travel-related melioidosis cases reported in Europe (1980\u20132025) was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the PubMLST database. Results: In silico MLST identified two distinct sequence types (STs): a novel ST1643, and ST1051, previously reported in Asia and Australia. Both isolates clustered within the Asian clade, confirming an imported origin. Virulence profiling revealed major determinants, including the Yersinia-like fimbriae (YLF) cluster, fhaB3, and ITS type C. The ST1643 isolate carried the bimABm variant and multiple resistance genes (blaOXA-57, blaPenI, and amrAB efflux system), while ST1051 harbored blaOXA-59. The literature review identified 82 studies encompassing 195 European cases, most originating from Southeast Asia, with pneumonia, followed by septic form and abscess as the predominant presentation. We found only eight neuromelioidosis cases in Europe. Conclusions: This study represents the first report of neuromelioidosis in Hungary, and the first global description of ST1643. Combined genomic and epidemiological data highlight the need for improved clinical awareness, genomic surveillance, and diagnostic preparedness in non-endemic regions, as global travel and climate change expand the distribution of melioidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1762175714000},"page":"1108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of the Emerging Pathogen Burkholderia\u00a0pseudomallei Isolated from Two Travel-Related Infections in Hungary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Judit","family":"Henczk\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0048-567X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"Knausz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Aladar Petz University Teaching Hospital, H-1097 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Gartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aladar Petz University Teaching Hospital, H-1097 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"Rem\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, North-Pest Central Hospital\u2014Military Hospital, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edit","family":"B\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, North-Pest Central Hospital\u2014Military Hospital, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erzs\u00e9bet","family":"L\u00e9tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, North-Pest Central Hospital\u2014Military Hospital, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"R\u00f3kusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, North-Pest Central Hospital\u2014Military Hospital, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szil\u00e1rd","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadett","family":"P\u00e1lyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00fcnde","family":"Mag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00edmea","family":"Erd\u0151si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13374-0","article-title":"Melioidosis","volume":"361","author":"White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00972-5","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis","volume":"22","author":"Meumann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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