{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1785295837246,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, including the widespread resistance to beta-lactams through the production of \u03b2-lactamases, like extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs), has led to the increasing use of last-line antibiotics such as carbapenems. Subsequently, the worldwide emergence of carbapenemase-producing pathogens poses a formidable challenge. The combination ceftazidime\/avibactam (CAZ\/AVI) has emerged as a pivotal agent in the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Avibactam, a novel \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor, demonstrates a wider spectrum of activity against Ambler Class A, C, and partially D \u03b2-lactamases in comparison to older inhibitors, thus enhancing the antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime against organisms producing ESBL and carbapenemases, such as oxacillinase (OXA)-type and Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC). This review synthesizes findings from randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, evaluating the efficacy of CAZ\/AVI across diverse clinical settings, including complicated intra-abdominal infections, urinary tract infections, nosocomial pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and bloodstream infections. The non-inferiority of CAZ-AVI with respect to carbapenems and superiority over polymyxins in terms of both clinical outcomes and safety are outlined, along with evidence supporting the use of CAZ\/AVI in high-risk populations such as immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Overall, CAZ\/AVI represents a compelling therapeutic option with favorable efficacy and safety, thus appearing as a reasonable frontline treatment for resistant Gram-negative infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1762175714000},"page":"1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ceftazidime\/Avibactam Monotherapy Versus Other Antibiotics: Where Do We Stand?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0007-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Vougiouklakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, German Medical Institute, Limassol 4108, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7865-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Tsioutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayia","family":"Vasileiadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, German Medical Institute, Limassol 4108, Cyprus"},{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8686-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Alexakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, German Medical Institute, Limassol 4108, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Spernovasilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, German Medical Institute, Limassol 4108, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9749-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aris P.","family":"Agouridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, German Medical Institute, Limassol 4108, Cyprus"},{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw282","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: The Impact and Evolution of a Global Menace","volume":"215","author":"Logan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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