{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:35:20Z","timestamp":1787859320310,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005343","name":"Investigadores de Reciente Incorporaci\u00f3n program from FUNDACI\u00d3N IMSS, A.C.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R-2024-785-073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-2024-785-073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ciencia B\u00e1sica y de Frontera 2025, modalidad Individual program from SECIHTI","award":["CBF-2025-I-1331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF-2025-I-1331"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, traditionally transmitted by triatomine vectors. However, experimental and clinical evidence suggest a possibility that the parasite could also be transmitted sexually. In animal models, T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes have been identified in reproductive tissues and semen, and infection has been experimentally transmitted between mating partners. In humans, the presence of the parasite in menstrual blood, semen, and other genital secretions has been reported, raising the possibility of sexual transmission in both endemic and non-endemic settings. This potential route could contribute to the persistence of infection and the development of congenital cases. Here, we review the current evidence supporting the biological plausibility and experimental demonstration of sexual transmission of T. cruzi, and highlight key research priorities to clarify its clinical and epidemiological significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1762254676000},"page":"1124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is Sexual Transmission of Chagas Disease Possible? Evaluating the Evidence and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Adri\u00e1n","family":"De Jes\u00fas-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1108-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertha","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flor Itzel","family":"Lira-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn128","article-title":"Commentary: The Lucid Reasoning of Carlos Chagas","volume":"37","author":"Moncayo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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