{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:23:51Z","timestamp":1791491031013,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n (Spain); ERDF","award":["PID2020-120208RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-120208RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"AGACAL, Xunta de Galicia","award":["FEADER 2022\/017B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEADER 2022\/017B"]}]},{"name":"Conseller\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Ciencia, Universidades e Formaci\u00f3n Profesional, XUGA","award":["ED431B 2025\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431B 2025\/18"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["CIISA\u2014UIDB\/00276\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIISA\u2014UIDB\/00276\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Al4AnimalS\u2014LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Al4AnimalS\u2014LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Free-ranging hens are at risk of infection by parasites characterized by certain stages that develop in the soil until attaining the infective phase. To analyze the usefulness of a biological control strategy of helminths affecting pasturing hens, fecal samples containing eggs of the helminths Ascaridia galli and Capillaria spp. were collected and then homogenized with an electric mixer. A total of 64 small areas were established by placing wooden frames (15 \u00d7 40 \u00d7 30 cm) on the ground and then adding approximately 100 g of a fecal mixture (per area). Four batches of 16 areas were considered: G1, sprayed with 2 \u00d7 106 spores of the parasitophagous fungus Mucor circinelloides (day 0) at 0.5 L\/m2 (=600 mL\/area); G2, sprayed with spores twice (every two weeks); G3, sprayed four times (every week); and Control, sprayed weekly with water. After a four-week period, the egg viability reduced for ascarids and capillarids (26% and 27%, respectively) in the control group; 64% and 79% in G1; 71% and 82% in G2; and 79% and 80% in G3. It was concluded that spraying with fungal spores provides a very useful tool for preventing infection by helminths on free-range poultry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:24:58Z","timestamp":1763375098000},"page":"1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Testing a Sustainable Strategy Against Poultry Helminth Stages Developing in the Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Alexander","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"Parasitic Diseases, Animal Sciences, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences (UDCA), Calle 222 #55-37, PBX (60 1) 6684700, Bogot\u00e1 111166, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"P\u00e9rez-Anz\u00farez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP), National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (CENID-SAI), Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7361-2347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Abreu","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7745-9746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Emiliano","family":"Magos Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7606-6843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Boso Dafonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5357-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Malag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0368-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Cazapal-Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"CARVAL Pharmaceuticals, Calle 15 # 32-450 Km 2 V\u00eda Acopi, Yumbo 760502, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9283-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Sanch\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of La Rep\u00fablica\u2014CENUR Litoral Norte, Salto 50000, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Paz-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1212-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Manuel","family":"Madeira de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2682-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Sol","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alig, B.N., Anderson, K.E., Malheiros, D.M., Harding, K.L., and Malheiros, R.D. 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