{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:16:31Z","timestamp":1783131391179,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012752","name":"Elanco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#205235 10300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#205235 10300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Swine respiratory disease (SRD) is a complex interaction whereby viral infection predisposes the host to secondary bacterial pulmonary invasion, which may be fatal. Antimicrobial agents remain an important therapy and serve to reduce morbidity and mortality in treated animals. Pradofloxacin is the newest of the veterinary antibiotics to be approved to treat SRD. It is a dual-targeting fluoroquinolone with in vitro and clinical activity against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, along with atypical agents including anaerobes. In this study, we compared the killing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus suis by pradofloxacin and comparator antibiotics in a 3 h kill assay, using four clinically relevant drug concentrations. Pradofloxacin was bactericidal against the three pathogens, with kill rates ranging from 94.4 to 99.9% (A. pleuropneumoniae) following 15\u201320 min of exposure to the maximum serum and maximum tissue drug concentration. For P. multocida, the kill rates were 68.7\u201396.9% following 5\u201330 min of drug exposure at the maximum serum drug concentration, and 91.7% following 5 min of drug exposure at the maximum tissue drug concentration. For S. suis, pradofloxacin killed 92.4\u201399.4% and 71.6\u201397.1% of cells following 60\u2013180 min of drug exposure at the maximum serum and maximum tissue drug concentration, respectively. Pradofloxacin appears to be an important addition to the drugs currently available for treating SRD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T15:38:09Z","timestamp":1763393889000},"page":"1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bactericidal Activity of Pradofloxacin and Other Antimicrobials Against Swine Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3396-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Blondeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantelle D.","family":"Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-023-00342-w","article-title":"The economic impact of endemic respiratory disease in pigs and related interventions\u2014A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Boeters","year":"2023","journal-title":"Porc. 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