{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:22:50Z","timestamp":1780932170433,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Grants Commission, Bangladesh","award":["Bio-34\/2023-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bio-34\/2023-24"]}]},{"name":"International Publication Grant from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen of major concern due to its link with severe neonatal infections through powdered infant formula (PIF). However, its genomic epidemiology in Bangladesh remains uncharacterized. We report the first whole-genome analysis of three isolates from PIF. Two isolates (S41_PIFM and S44_RUTF) belonged to ST83, a lineage repeatedly associated with neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and persistence in PIF production environments, while the third (S43_TF) represented ST789, a recently described and rare lineage of unknown pathogenic potential. Pan-genome and comparative analyses identified 39 virulence determinants, 19 antimicrobial-resistance genes, and diverse mobile genetic elements. ST83 isolates harbored plasmid replicons IncFII(pCTU2) and pESA2, while the ST789 isolate carried insertion sequence ISKpn34, indicating horizontal gene transfer potential. All strains encoded I-E CRISPR-Cas systems. The detection of globally recognized high-risk ST83 clones alongside the novel ST789 lineage highlights emerging public health risks. This study provides the first genomic insights into C. sakazakii in Bangladesh and underscores the urgent need for genomic surveillance and strengthened food safety monitoring to protect infant health in low- and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14121220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T09:34:37Z","timestamp":1764581677000},"page":"1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genome Mining of Cronobacter sakazakii in Bangladesh Reveals the Occurrence of High-Risk ST83 and Rare ST789 Lineages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sutapa","family":"Bhowmik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9713-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supantha","family":"Rivu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Notre Dame University Bangladesh, 2\/A, Arambagh, Motijheel, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3776-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Latiful","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Nutrition and Agriculture Research Division, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0774-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangita","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph, S., and Forsythe, S. (2012). Insights into the Emergent Bacterial Pathogen Cronobacter spp., Generated by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Analysis. Front. 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