{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:20:29Z","timestamp":1790623229328,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP19679977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP19679977"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella multocida serogroup B are endemic in Kazakhstan. These outbreaks have repeatedly led to mass mortality events among wild saigas and economic losses to farms. The aim of this study was to conduct the first whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis of P. multocida genomes associated with HS cases in saigas and livestock in Kazakhstan. In this study, WGS was performed on 22 P. multocida isolates obtained from saigas and livestock. A comparative genomic analysis of P. multocida isolates from Kazakhstan and publicly available genomes was performed. All isolates belonged to the B:2:ST122 genotype and formed distinct phylogenetic clusters based on outbreaks in saiga populations and livestock. Clustering also corresponded to identified mutations in virulence genes. Isolates recovered from the 2015 mass mortality of saigas in the Betpak-Dala population were found to have a deletion of the flp1 gene. This observation emphasizes the study of the role of Flp pili in HS pathogenesis. Comparison of the P. multocida B:L2:ST122 genomes revealed low virulence gene diversity and an open pangenome. Prophage annotation did not identify virulence or pathogenicity genes. The obtained results will be useful for future studies of HS pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14121273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T15:43:43Z","timestamp":1765467823000},"page":"1273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genomic Insights into Pasteurella multocida Serotype B:2 from Hemorrhagic Septicemia Outbreaks in Wildlife and Livestock in Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9418-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asylulan","family":"Amirgazin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulzhan","family":"Yessembekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assel","family":"Akhmetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talgat","family":"Karibayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Veterinary Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassym","family":"Mukanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0307-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Shevtsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolat","family":"Abdigulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3707-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarsenbay","family":"Abdrakhmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00442.x","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis: 125 years after Pasteur","volume":"265","author":"Harper","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00024-13","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida: From zoonosis to cellular microbiology","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Liang, W., Wang, F., Xu, Z., Xie, Z., Lian, Z., Hua, L., Zhou, R., Chen, H., and Wu, B. (2018). 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