{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:11:33Z","timestamp":1788401493525,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Corrente Linea 1"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 AI106695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 AI106695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Being central players in the adaptive immunity, the study of T-cell responses is crucial in both natural infections and vaccine-induced immunity. In this study, we assessed the antigen-specific T-cell responses to dengue virus (DENV) to identify the most immunogenic antigen for evaluating dengue-specific T-cell responses. Methods: Patients with dengue disease and subjects vaccinated with the QDENGA (TAK-003) vaccine (before and three months after vaccination) were enrolled. The T-cell-specific response was measured by ELISPOT and Activation Induced Markers (AIM) assay following PBMC stimulation either with DENV1-4 CD4 and CD8 MegaPools (MP) or serotype-specific DENV peptide pools at different concentrations. Results: We found that both DENV1-4 CD4 MP (at 1 \u00b5g\/mL) and CD8 MP (at 5 \u00b5g\/mL), which encompass all four DENV serotypes, elicited specific T-cell responses in patients with dengue infection independent of the infecting serotype. In contrast, selected serotype-specific DENV peptide pools have a lower ability to induce a measurable T-cell response. Moreover, DENV1-4 CD4 and CD8 MPs, at the highest concentrations, are suitable candidates to evaluate the dengue-specific T-cell response in vaccinated subjects. Conclusions: These findings support the use of the MP approach to investigate dengue-specific T-cell response to monitor the response during the infection and after vaccine administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T14:27:47Z","timestamp":1766500067000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Peptide MegaPools Approach to Evaluate the Dengue-Specific CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5287-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Tiberi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2593-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8476-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Vanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Cuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5160-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"D\u2019Abramo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Disease Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7061-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Disease Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2209-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Grifoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2968-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Weiskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7013-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5606-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Nicastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Disease Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Goletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, October 28). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dengue-and-severe-dengue."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02576-X","article-title":"Dengue","volume":"403","author":"Adams","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. 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