{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:13:07Z","timestamp":1768954387943,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of tuberculosis disease (TBD) in New Brunswick (NB) is low but has been rising over the past decade. Analyzing these trends can help identify specific risk factors and transmission patterns to guide targeted public health strategies. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive and detailed characterization of TBD in NB by examining data from 1 January 2002, to 31 December 2024. All TB patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) clinical isolates identified in NB healthcare facilities were eligible for inclusion in the study. We analyzed demographic, drug susceptibility, and 24-locus Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) data from 166 patients. Most MTBC isolates were pan-susceptible to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (90.9\u201398.1%), with 2.4% showing multidrug resistance. The MIRU-VNTR demonstrated a high discriminatory power of 0.9982 and a low clustering rate of 20.4%. Two samples from the same patient, collected seven years apart, showed different genetic profiles, suggesting that the second episode was a new infection. The most prevalent MTBC lineage was East African Indian (n = 23, 13%). This study provides early insights into TB trends in NB, including what may be the first recorded case of TB reinfection in NB. Our findings will help guide future TB research, policies, and public health interventions in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15010115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T11:27:58Z","timestamp":1768908478000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Clinical Isolates in New Brunswick, Canada\u2014A Retrospective Chart Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1888-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isdore Chola","family":"Shamputa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2E 4L5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Gaudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2E 4L5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB E2L 4L2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5391-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E1A E9H, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5526-6741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafid","family":"Soualhine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Genomics Innovation for Laboratory Excellence Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6020-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenu Kaushal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB E2L 4L2, Canada"},{"name":"Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB E2L 4L2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, January 02). 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