{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:14:09Z","timestamp":1790435649947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INIFAP-Mexico","award":["9254136498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9254136498"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequent and indiscriminate use of all classes of synthetic anthelmintics to deworm small ruminants has decreased their effectiveness in a worldwide problem of anthelmintic resistance. Using active plant metabolites with anthelmintic properties has become a suggested alternative to control parasitic helminths. The present study investigated the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of a fraction (CnF4) containing protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) from Chamaecrista nictitans (Fabaceae) and a commercial standard of protocatechuic acid against strains of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus susceptible (HcIVM-S) and resistant (HcIVM-R) to ivermectin, using egg hatch inhibition (EHI) and L3 larval mortality assays. The CnF4 fraction showed an EHI greater than 90% at 0.8 mg\/mL against HcIVM-S and an EHI = 88.39% at 1.6 mg\/mL against HcIVM-R. The commercial standard of protocatechuic acid displayed an EHI of 97.49% at 0.25 mg\/mL against HcIVM-S and an EHI greater than 98% at 0.5 mg\/mL. In the larval mortality assays, protocatechuic acid caused 72.4% larval mortality of HcIVM-S at 8 mg\/mL and 53.2% mortality of HcIVM-R at 16 mg\/mL. These results indicate that protocatechuic acid was more effective in inhibiting egg hatching and causing larval mortality against HcIVM-S compared to HcIVM-R.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15010117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:11:17Z","timestamp":1768993877000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anthelmintic Activity of Protocatechuic Acid Against Ivermectin-Susceptible and Resistant Haemonchus contortus Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4083-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Alberto","family":"Cortes-Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitoqu\u00edmica y Productos Naturales del Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad y Conservaci\u00f3n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Carretera Galeana-Tequesquitengo s\/n, Colonia El Jicarero, Jojutla C.P. 62909, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5499-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID-SAI, INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso, A.P. 206-CIVAC, Jiutepec C.P. 62574, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manas\u00e9s","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec C.P. 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Zamilpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec C.P. 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"L\u00f3pez-Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID-SAI, INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso, A.P. 206-CIVAC, Jiutepec C.P. 62574, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Flores-Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Carretera Galeana-Tequesquitengo s\/n, Colonia El Jicarero, Jojutla C.P. 62909, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0352-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dante","family":"Avil\u00e9s-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Rivas-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Carretera Galeana-Tequesquitengo s\/n, Colonia El Jicarero, Jojutla C.P. 62909, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4710-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Sotelo-Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Av. L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Chilpancingo C.P. 39000, Guerrero, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Osvaldo","family":"Salinas-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitoqu\u00edmica y Productos Naturales del Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad y Conservaci\u00f3n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Carretera Galeana-Tequesquitengo s\/n, Colonia El Jicarero, Jojutla C.P. 62909, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3844\/ajavsp.2020.291.299","article-title":"Population, world production and quality of sheep and goat products","volume":"15","author":"Mazinani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2019.08.001","article-title":"The role of sheep production in the livelihoods of Mexican smallholders: Evidence from a park-adjacent community","volume":"178","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small Rumin. 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