{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:32:37Z","timestamp":1778689957990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Paraiba State Research Foundation","award":["270\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["270\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Paraiba State Research Foundation","award":["3043\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3043\/2021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019\/23684-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/23684-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022\/14323-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/14323-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Research Productivity Scholar","award":["304325\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304325\/2021-0"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["304924\/2025-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304924\/2025-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CT-INFRA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus agalactiae is a major cause of bovine mastitis, which affects the quality and yield of milk. The main strategy for controlling this pathogen on dairy farms is the use of antibiotics. This study investigated the clonality, serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and presence of resistance and virulence genes in 46 S. agalactiae isolates obtained from raw bovine milk in northeastern Brazil. Capsular types were determined using multiplex PCR and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using disc diffusion or the gradient strip method. Clonal diversity was evaluated via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Eight isolates were sequenced using short- and long-read methods. There was high overall genetic diversity, whereas the resistance and virulence profiles were largely homogeneous within herds. Tetracycline and macrolide resistance was frequent and mediated by tetO and ermB and less frequently by tetM. Genome analysis demonstrated that resistance genes are present in mobile genetic elements that are also present in human isolates, and phylogenomic analyses identified ST-103 as the predominant and multi-host-adapted lineage, whereas ST-91 clustered with the bovine-adapted lineage. These findings expand the molecular epidemiology of S. agalactiae in dairy farms of a region in northeast Brazil and highlight the importance of surveillance strategies for guiding mastitis control and mitigating the spread of antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15020128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T08:14:23Z","timestamp":1769415263000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dairy Farm Streptococcus agalactiae in a Region of Northeast Brazil: Genetic Diversity, Resistome, and Virulome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Pietta","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2291-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Zani","family":"Manieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Microbiologia Moleculares\u2014LEMiMo, Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Jo\u00e3o Dagnone Avenue 1100, S\u00e3o Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7084-4378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Roberta","family":"Torini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Microbiologia Moleculares\u2014LEMiMo, Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Jo\u00e3o Dagnone Avenue 1100, S\u00e3o Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Gabriel Andrade","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, Campus I. Cidade Universidade, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0701-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Campioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Microbiologia Moleculares\u2014LEMiMo, Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Jo\u00e3o Dagnone Avenue 1100, S\u00e3o Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Caroline Zempulski","family":"Volpato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Resist\u00eancia Bacteriana\u2014LABRESIS, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2350, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elo\u00edza Helena","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, Campus I. Cidade Universidade, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur Cezar de Carvalho","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, Campus II. 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