{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T01:43:53Z","timestamp":1776822233621,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Platelets are critical for hemostasis and play an active role in immune responses to infection. While thrombocytopenia in sepsis is associated with poor outcomes, platelet dysfunction remains less explored. This prospective observational pilot study investigated the relationship between platelet dysfunction and sepsis severity using multiple platelet function tests. Ten adults with sepsis or septic shock admitted to the ICU of \u201cFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u201d and seven healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at admission (T0), after 48 h (T1), and after 7 days (T2). Controls were sampled only at T0. Besides platelet count, hemostatic platelet function was assessed by light transmission aggregometry (LTA), thromboelastography (TEG), and platelet activation markers (P-selectin and PAC-1 expression), whereas immune platelet function was assessed by investigation of platelet\u2013leukocyte aggregates and soluble plasma levels of CD40L. Platelet function was correlated with procalcitonin levels and SOFA scores. While thrombocytopenia developed after 48 h, hemostatic and immune platelet dysfunctions were already evident at T0. Platelet function abnormalities were correlated with sepsis severity, as reflected by higher SOFA scores and elevated procalcitonin levels, particularly at T0. Early platelet dysfunction, preceding thrombocytopenia, may represent a potential early indicator of sepsis severity and support timely intervention for hemostatic and immune platelet-dependent abnormalities in septic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15020196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:16:38Z","timestamp":1770722198000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early Platelet Dysfunction in Sepsis: An ICU Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6100-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Bocci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Clinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7896-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Haemostasis and Thrombosis Diseases, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Haemostasis and Thrombosis Diseases, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Natalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go F. Vito, 00168, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Cingolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Shock & Trauma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, C.ne Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allegra","family":"Blandina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go F. Vito, 00168, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Botta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go F. Vito, 00168, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Caravella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go F. Vito, 00168, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Carelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go F. Vito, 00168, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico Luca","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go F. Vito, 00168, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Ionescu Maddalena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Polo Ospedaliero Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"D\u2019Innocenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Haemostasis and Thrombosis Diseases, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1024-1541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"De Siati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Haemostasis and Thrombosis Diseases, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8009-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Maviglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione \u2018Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2019 IRCCS, L.go F. 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