{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:34:03Z","timestamp":1790868843346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health","award":["U01AI151799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151799"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) transmission has intensified in southwestern Uganda since 2016. To quantify human and livestock exposure and associated risks, we conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey in Isingiro, Kabale and Rubanda districts between October and November 2023. A total of 766 humans and 2383 livestock were sampled and tested for RVF antibodies using ELISA, with structured questionnaires capturing demographic, behavioral and environmental data. Human seroprevalence was 11.5% (88\/766), varying by district (13.8% Isingiro, 11.8% Rubanda, 6.8% Kabale; p = 0.04). Independent predictors from the multivariate model included raw-meat consumption (aOR 6.11; 95% CI 1.16\u201327.80), cattle ownership (aOR 2.33; 95% CI 1.27\u20134.36), male sex (aOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.02\u20132.66) and younger age compared with \u226550 years (31\u201349 years: aOR 2.02; 95% CI 1.20\u20133.48; 18\u201330 years: aOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.04\u20135.14). Herd-level seroprevalence was 42.5% (204\/480), associated with cattle presence (aOR 6.48; 95% CI 4.10\u201310.40), lack of carcass burial (aOR 15.70; 95% CI 4.23\u201363.60), on-farm slaughter (aOR 2.14; 95% CI 1.21\u20133.89) and increased mosquito activity (aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.13\u20132.73). Animal-level seroprevalence was 14.6% (347\/2383), highest in cattle (33.8%), with cattle having markedly higher odds than goats (aOR 6.73; 95% CI 4.96\u20139.14). These findings demonstrate substantial transmission and highlight cattle-centered interfaces as primary targets for control to humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15020224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:15:35Z","timestamp":1771334135000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Study of Rift Valley Fever Exposure in Humans and Livestock in Southwestern Uganda Using a One Health Approach: Evidence of Elevated Seroprevalence Outside Recognized Outbreak Periods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Luke","family":"Nyakarahuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"},{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9257-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Situma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases East and Central Africa, Nairobi 00202, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Pwani University, Kilifi 80108, Kenya"},{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Odinoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases East and Central Africa, Nairobi 00202, Kenya"},{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnabas","family":"Bakamutumaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7559-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyne","family":"Nasimiyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases East and Central Africa, Nairobi 00202, Kenya"},{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Dawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases East and Central Africa, Nairobi 00202, Kenya"},{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6218-8318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Okello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"},{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honest","family":"Kemiyondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe P.O. Box 513, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Tumusiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutesi","family":"Joanita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Kyondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1840-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Kayiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Odongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deo Birungi","family":"Ndumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe P.O. Box 513, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kariuki M.","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases East and Central Africa, Nairobi 00202, Kenya"},{"name":"Washington State University Global Health Program-Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya"},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 98165, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7099-2936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Breiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.7.883","article-title":"Rift Valley Fever Virus","volume":"234","author":"Bird","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. 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