{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:14:40Z","timestamp":1791904480889,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salmonella Minnesota (SM) is considered an emerging serovar, adapted to the poultry production chain, frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and environmental persistence. This study aimed to characterize SM isolates from a poultry slaughterhouse regarding phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm-forming capacity, thermal tolerance, genotypic virulence profile, and clonal relatedness. Strains obtained from carcasses (n = 26), cecal contents (n = 25), and chiller water (n = 11) from the slaughterhouse were evaluated. A high frequency of resistance to \u03b2-lactams, multidrug-resistant phenotypes, and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing isolates were observed. All isolates harbored genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation (invA, csgD, and adrA). Biofilm formation was influenced by temperature, with greater intensity at refrigeration temperatures, especially on stainless steel surfaces. In thermal tolerance assays, a negative correlation between temperature and bacterial viability was observed. Genetically related lineages circulating among cecum, carcass, and slaughterhouse chiller water over time were observed. These findings indicate that the persistence of SM in poultry slaughterhouses is sustained by the interaction between antimicrobial resistance, adaptive capacity associated with biofilm formation, and the circulation of genetically related lineages, representing a relevant challenge for food safety and public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15030247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:33:02Z","timestamp":1772101982000},"page":"247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Environmental Persistence and Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Salmonella Minnesota in Poultry Slaughterhouses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Larissa","family":"Justino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Zootechny, Agricultural Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Angelita Sampaio","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Humberto","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Program, Center of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1596-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Microorganism Research, Faculty of Medicine of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelin Lurie","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Vitor","family":"da Silva Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-4715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Roberto","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00edsa Fabiana","family":"Menck-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Marques Pilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Bergamo Benteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9909-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marielen","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alceu Kazuo","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetanco Brazil, Chapec\u00f3 89813-824, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Adelino","family":"Dalle Mole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetanco Brazil, Chapec\u00f3 89813-824, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Mesalla","family":"Costalonga Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael Lucio","family":"Andreatti Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ornithopathology, Department of the of Veterinary Clinic, Center for Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Oba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Zootechny, Agricultural Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamichhane, B., Mawad, A.M.M., Saleh, M., Kelley, W.G., Harrington, P.J., Lovestad, C.W., Amezcua, J., Sarhan, M.M., El Zowalaty, M.E., and Ramadan, H. 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