{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:02:14Z","timestamp":1788908534759,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005076","name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRP6705030750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6705030750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kasetsart University Research and Development","award":["FF(KU-SRIU)16.67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF(KU-SRIU)16.67"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are significant bacterial pathogens that cause economic losses in the poultry industry and can pose a potential foodborne zoonotic risk. Herein, we examined APEC distribution and antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from slaughtered broiler chickens in northern Thailand. Methods: PCR was used to classify APEC as either virulent or avirulent on 108 stored E. coli strains, as well as to perform Clermont phylotyping. Antimicrobial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, and colistin was examined. Results: Of the 108 E. coli strains, 101 (93.5%) isolates were APEC, and the remaining isolates were non-APEC. Among the APEC isolates, 58.4% were classified as virulent APEC; these isolates showed a statistically significant association with phylogroups F and C and (n = 54, 56.8%) more frequently exhibited a ciprofloxacin-resistant phenotype than avirulent APEC (n = 35, 36.8%). Among the ten APEC virulence genes, hlyF, iroC, iroN, iutA, O78, and ompT were significantly associated with virulent APEC. Conclusions: This study reveals a high prevalence of virulent APEC with fluoroquinolone resistance in slaughtered broiler chickens. Almost all virulent APEC strains belong to phylogroups F and C. The prediction of virulent APEC using hlyF, iroC, iroN, iutA, O78, and ompT may be useful.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15030253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T10:41:02Z","timestamp":1772188862000},"page":"253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Asymptomatic Broiler Chickens in a Slaughterhouse in Northern Thailand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapeepan","family":"Yongyod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8877-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanaporn","family":"Eiamsam-Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1749-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narong","family":"Kamolrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0622-1775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sawita","family":"Srisawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hathaikan","family":"Walanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumontha","family":"Chaisaeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulsatri","family":"Sittichottumrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rujirat","family":"Hatrongjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9717-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terdsak","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1055-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anusak","family":"Kerdsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00641-9","article-title":"Overview of pathogenic Escherichia coli, with a focus on Shiga toxin-producing serotypes, global outbreaks (1982\u20132024) and food safety criteria","volume":"16","author":"Alhadlaq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathayat, D., Lokesh, D., Ranjit, S., and Rajashekara, G. 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