{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:46:04Z","timestamp":1790109964842,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52273113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52273113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62276244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62276244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["2022j11020003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022j11020003"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Health and Wellness Research Project","award":["AHWJ2024Aa40027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHWJ2024Aa40027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge. The molecular and metabolic responses of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which are critical for host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), are not fully characterized. A murine pulmonary TB model was established by intravenous injection of BALB\/c mice with the attenuated Mtb strain H37Ra; controls received saline. After 8 weeks, lung MDMs were isolated for integrated transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic profiling. Transcriptomic analysis identified 3970 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in infected MDMs, including upregulated Ptpn1, Dgat2, and Alox5ap and downregulated Cyld, Zfp61, and Mapk11. Metabolomic profiling revealed 113 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Taurocholic acid and linoleic acid were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, both achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0 in ROC analysis. Integrated omics analysis showed a positive correlation between linoleic acid levels and the expression of Tbxas1, Acaa1b, and Acox1, implicating lipid metabolic pathways in the host response to TB. This multi-omics study delineates key molecular and metabolic alterations in lung MDMs during TB infection. The identified metabolites, taurocholic acid and linoleic acid, show promise as biomarkers, while dysregulated linoleic acid metabolism represents a potential target for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15030254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:22:57Z","timestamp":1772191377000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrating Untargeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics in Mice with Pulmonary Tuberculosis to Reveal Changes in Linoleic Acid and Its Metabolism in Lung Monocyte-Derived Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoman","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Department 1, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei 230022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilin","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Institute of Medicine, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenggang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Hefei 230022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoquan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00359-7","article-title":"WHO\u2019s Global Tuberculosis Report 2022","volume":"4","author":"Bagcchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0150ED","article-title":"Lung Interstitial Macrophages: Establishing Identity and Uncovering Heterogeneity","volume":"57","author":"Koch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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