{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:10:55Z","timestamp":1791486655808,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a neglected vector-borne zoonotic disease of significant veterinary and public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) exposure and associated risk factors among camels and horses marketed in northern Nigeria. A total of 1117 animals were sampled, comprising camels (812) and horses (305), across three major livestock markets (Maigatari, Maiduguri, and Illela). The overall seroprevalence was 18.8% (95% CI: 16.6\u201321.2%), with a striking six-fold disparity: camels showed a prevalence of 24.4% (95% CI: 21.6\u201327.4%), while horses exhibited only 3.9% (95% CI: 2.1\u20137.0%). Significant geographic clustering was observed, with Illela camels recording the highest prevalence (34.8%) compared to those in Maigatari (20.3%) and Maiduguri (20.2%). There were no significant associations with age or sex among camels. However, in horses, females were significantly more likely to test positive than males (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.07\u20130.97). These findings demonstrate endemic RVFV circulation in Nigerian livestock, highlighting species- and location-specific differences, and underscore the zoonotic risks within regional and transboundary livestock trade networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15030258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:06:56Z","timestamp":1772460416000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rift Valley Fever Virus Exposure in Camels and Horses Across Northern Nigeria Livestock Markets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Odion","family":"Ehizibolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0782-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olumuyiwa","family":"Oyekan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6337-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicodemus","family":"Mkpuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5275-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habibu","family":"Haliru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Garba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isa Zayyad","family":"Turaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8429-1737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Ene","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agom","family":"Danmarwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dutse 720101, Jigawa State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa Abdullahi","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dutse 720101, Jigawa State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansur","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Animal Health and Fisheries, Sokoto 840103, Sokoto State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0332-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LifeStock International, Athens, GA 30606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0421-7081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonto","family":"Faburay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, United State Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Recognising Rift Valley Fever","volume":"42","author":"Davies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. 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