{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:18:20Z","timestamp":1774271900052,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education","award":["2025AHGXZK30103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK30103"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["202413618001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202413618001"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["2313270007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2313270007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parasitic diseases involving invertebrate hosts, notably leishmaniasis (transmitted by sandflies) and schistosomiasis (transmitted via aquatic snails), remain public health concerns in China. Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, the age-standardized prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates for both diseases declined significantly from 1990 to 2021. Men consistently experienced a higher burden than women. The age distribution of disease burden differed between the two conditions. Projections to 2036 suggest a continued decrease in schistosomiasis burden and in leishmaniasis mortality and DALYs, but a potential slight rise in leishmaniasis prevalence. Sustained control efforts have been effective, yet challenges persist due to demographic disparities, climate-related invertebrate host\/intermediate host expansion, and imported cases. Future strategies require enhanced surveillance, targeted interventions, and multi-sectoral collaboration to advance toward elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15030340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:59:36Z","timestamp":1774267176000},"page":"340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diseases Caused by Parasites with Invertebrate Hosts in China: Burden and Trends of Leishmaniasis and Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cun-Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gui-Zhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Xue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Long","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, 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in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00431","article-title":"Key Facets for the Elimination of Vector-Borne Diseases Filariasis, Leishmaniasis, and Malaria","volume":"11","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Infect. 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