{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:18:51Z","timestamp":1785403131454,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33004064065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33004064065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["33004064065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33004064065"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/23019-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/23019-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2024\/23019-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/23019-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ddkpn78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Comparative evaluations of different serological methods for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women remain limited, and the performance of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), modified agglutination test (MAT), and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) has not been previously assessed simultaneously in this population. This study aimed to compare the performance of these three serological methods for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women. A total of 469 serum samples were collected from pregnant women receiving prenatal care through the Brazilian public healthcare system. Samples were tested using IFA, MAT, and CMIA for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies. Statistical analyses included McNemar\u2019s \u03c72 test, Kappa agreement, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. IFA and MAT showed higher IgG seropositivity rates (53.1% and 51.2%, respectively) compared to CMIA (46.7% and 48.6%). Agreement between CMIA and IFA was moderate for IgG (Kappa = 0.51) and very strong for IgM (Kappa = 0.89). Pearson\u2019s correlation for IgG between CMIA and IFA was moderate (r = 0.678), while Spearman\u2019s correlation for IgM was weak. IFA and MAT demonstrated greater sensitivity for IgG detection than CMIA, while CMIA and IFA performed similarly for IgM. Conventional methods may complement automated systems to improve diagnostic accuracy in prenatal screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15040363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:11:59Z","timestamp":1774872719000},"page":"363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Serological Methods for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e1ssarah Jabur Lot","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-686, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Alves de","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5393-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedito Donizete","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-686, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristeu Vieira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joelcio Francisco","family":"Abbade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-686, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5127-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-686, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","article-title":"History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"39","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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