{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:54:27Z","timestamp":1785430467820,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOOD\/2021\/425-850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOOD\/2021\/425-850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["FOOD\/2021\/425-850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOOD\/2021\/425-850"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a major zoonotic disease in West Africa. In Africa, bTB is endemic in cattle with a prevalence ranging from 2% up to 18%. The disease causes significant public health risks due to unpasteurized milk and milk product consumption. In the context of the EU-PRISMA project, which promotes research and innovation for productive, resilient, and healthy agropastoral systems in West Africa, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in dairy herds from Mali and Niger to assess animal, herd, and within-herd bTB prevalence, as well as to identify animal risk factors and predictors of bTB herd status. Method and principal findings: A random cross-sectional survey on dairy cattle farms using comparative intradermal tuberculin test and epidemiological inquiry was performed in four regions of Mali (Bamako, Koulikoro, Mopti, and Sikasso) and three regions of Niger (Tahoua, Dosso, and Tillab\u00e9ry). Herd and animal prevalence of bTB and within-herd prevalence were significantly higher in Mali (especially in Bamako and Koulikoro) than in Niger. Several risk factors were significantly associated with animals positive to bTB, i.e., the region where animals live, the age range from 3 to 7 years old, and female animals. In addition, in regions with higher bTB prevalence, the herd with slaughtering of animals in the farm and the herd with the presence of an animal assembly area were associated with the most unfavorable status of a herd with regards to bTB. Moreover, the average and the median annual economic losses of bTB at animal level were estimated at \u20ac262 and \u20ac137 respectively, with large variability depending on the farm (between \u20ac46 and \u20ac838). Conclusion and significance: This survey provides useful data on bTB epidemiology and economical losses in Mali and Niger and urges for improvement of surveillance systems and prevention and control strategies. Cost-benefit, return of investment, or similar analyses are strongly recommended to help with decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15040421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:14:17Z","timestamp":1776154457000},"page":"421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Tuberculosis in Dairy Cattle Determined by Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test in Mali and Niger, 2024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7668-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abel","family":"Biguezoton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit (UMaVeB), International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Sub-Humid Areas (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 454, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haladou","family":"Gagara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Central de l\u2019\u00e9levage (LABOCEL), Niamey BP 485, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaka","family":"Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Central V\u00e9terinaire (LCV), Bamako BP 2295, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der","family":"Dabire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit (UMaVeB), International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Sub-Humid Areas (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 454, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakaria","family":"Bengaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit (UMaVeB), International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Sub-Humid Areas (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 454, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahaman Maaouia Abdou","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 d\u2019Agronomie (FA), Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni (UAM), Niamey BP 10896, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kader","family":"Issoufou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Agency for International Cooperation (Enabel), Niamey BP 12987, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00efmouna","family":"Ousmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Agency for International Cooperation (Enabel), Niamey BP 12987, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7191-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sciensano, Belgian Institute for Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Epidemiology, Risk Analysis and Biosecurity Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WOAH (2026, March 15). 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