{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T04:46:40Z","timestamp":1776574000316,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RC001\/2025 IZSUM-DERMARES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC001\/2025 IZSUM-DERMARES"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"PNRR","award":["PE00000007-INF-ACT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000007-INF-ACT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte associated with extensive, chronic, recalcitrant, and frequently terbinafine-resistant dermatophytosis worldwide. In this study, 30 T. indotineae strains isolated in Italy were investigated. The isolates were obtained from patients originating from Asian countries, from patients from other countries, and from Italian patients who reported no travel outside Italy in the preceding years. Clinical isolates were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and analyzed to assess the occurrence and molecular basis of terbinafine resistance. Terbinafine resistance was detected in 18 strains (60%) using a real-time PCR assay. Sequencing of the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene revealed mutations associated with resistance, including L393S in nine strains and F397L in another nine strains. NGS analysis confirmed two terbinafine-resistant strains carrying the L393S and F397L mutations, respectively, and detected the A448T mutation in one terbinafine-susceptible strain. These findings demonstrate the presence of terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae across five regions of Italy and confirm the occurrence of SQLE mutations previously linked to antifungal resistance. Data obtained also support a link with endemic Asian areas, other than suggesting the possible occurrence of autochthonous transmission in Italy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15040435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:53:46Z","timestamp":1776426826000},"page":"435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Characterization and Preliminary NGS Profiling of Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae Isolates in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2155-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Cruciani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Umbria e delle Marche \u201cTogo Rosati\u201d, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4679-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Papini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Dermatologica di Terni, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5005-0570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Pisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, 50122 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Calcaterra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Pietrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Perugia General Hospital, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Galeotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fazii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiologia e Virologia Clinica Section, Presidio Ospedaliero \u201cSpirito Santo\u201d, 65123 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Meloscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiologia e Virologia Clinica Section, Presidio Ospedaliero \u201cSpirito Santo\u201d, 65123 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6409-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Torricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Umbria e delle Marche \u201cTogo Rosati\u201d, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4795-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Di Domenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise \u201cGiuseppe Caporale\u201d, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4198-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fiorucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Umbria e delle Marche \u201cTogo Rosati\u201d, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2181-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Spina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Umbria e delle Marche \u201cTogo Rosati\u201d, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4798-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Umbria e delle Marche \u201cTogo Rosati\u201d, 06126 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhary, A., Singh, A., Kaur, A., and Khurana, A. 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