{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:57:16Z","timestamp":1776833836037,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lyme disease is the most common reported vector-borne disease in North America and is also highly prevalent across Europe. Although tick-borne diseases are uncommon in Singapore, there remains a risk of imported tick-borne diseases among travelers from endemic regions. We present a case series of three pediatric patients with imported Lyme disease managed at a tertiary children\u2019s hospital in Singapore, illustrating the varied clinical presentations of Lyme disease in children. One child developed meningitis following prior antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease, although causality cannot be definitively established. This series aims to highlight key diagnostic considerations and management principles relevant to clinicians practicing in non-endemic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15040437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:30:36Z","timestamp":1776443436000},"page":"437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imported Pediatric Lyme Disease in Singapore\u2014A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ade Xin Ning","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Hussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia Yin","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5448-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Maiwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2721-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terri Xiao-Bei","family":"Chiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7380-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie Woon Hui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugeler, K.J., Earley, A., Mead, P.S., and Hinckley, A.F. 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