{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T09:02:14Z","timestamp":1777021334407,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SECIHTI","award":["1309039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1309039"]}]},{"name":"SECIHTI","award":["1267568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1267568"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly adaptable gastric pathogen with marked genomic plasticity. Whilst functional CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity in many bacteria, they have not been identified in H. pylori, unlike CRISPR-like sequences. In this study, eight H. pylori genomes were analysed using the bioinformatics tools CRISPRCasFinder, CRISPRCasTyper, and CRISPRloci. A total of 25 CRISPR-like arrays were identified, showing high conservation (88%) both between and within strains, suggesting that these arrays are not random remnants but rather organised structures possibly involved in cellular processes. Notably, a structural association was observed between the CRISPR-like sequences and the cag pathogenicity island (CagA-PAI). Conversely, CagA-PAI instability in specific strains was observed in the presence of the TnpA and TnpB transposons. Furthermore, in strain 29CaP, CRISPR-like assemblies were located in genomic proximity to the prophage Helico 1961P, leading to the hypothesis of a compensatory or regulatory effect in the absence of CagA-PAI. Taken together, these findings indicate that CRISPR-like arrays in H. pylori characterise a genomic architecture within regions of high plasticity. This study provides a solid exploratory foundation for future functional research on the adaptive and pathogenic evolution of H. pylori.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15050461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1777018082000},"page":"461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New Insights into CRISPR-like Arrays in Helicobacter pylori: An Exploratory Analysis from Genomic Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0216-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma","family":"Camacho-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Sonora (ITSON), Ciudad Obreg\u00f3n 85000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3856-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier Alejandro","family":"Delgado-Nungaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8769-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eire","family":"Reynaga-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacobiology Department, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orfil","family":"Gonzalez-Reynoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libia Zulema","family":"Rodriguez-Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SECIHTI-Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Sonora, Ciudad Obreg\u00f3n 85000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3964-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alfonso","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7594-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Rinc\u00f3n Enr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitopatolog\u00eda, Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), El Baj\u00edo del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inocencio","family":"Higuera-Ciapara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Universidad An\u00e1huac Mayab, M\u00e9rida 97308, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7283-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Joel","family":"Figueroa-Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biotecnolog\u00eda Industrial, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C. 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