{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:35:26Z","timestamp":1785418526919,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas of Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["20232102-20240986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232102-20240986"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1N22035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1N22035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["1N22035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1N22035"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tmp8f25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SECIHTI"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli exhibit notable genomic and phenotypic similarities, including serologically and genetically related somatic antigens. For example, the relationship among pathogenic strains E. coli 64474, O179, O188, and S. boydii O16 suggests a shared clonal origin. To evaluate their genomic proximity, a comparative genomics study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing. Comparative genomics involved rfb gene cluster regions and whole-genome comparisons. Phylogenomic inferences were performed using the virtual genome fingerprint (VGF) method with bootstrap support. The results revealed a high degree of genomic similarity and a close evolutionary relationship among E. coli strains, which also demonstrated genetic associations with clinically relevant pathotypes through the presence of virulence genes. Furthermore, serogroups 64474, O188, and S. boydii O16 exhibited close genetic relationships, suggesting that serotype 64474 could represent a novel serogroup, although its similarity to O188 indicates the influence of divergent factors. These findings support the hypothesis that these E. coli strains originated from a common clonal lineage, enhancing our understanding of serogroup diversity and the evolutionary dynamics within enteric pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15050462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1777018082000},"page":"462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Genomics of Escherichia\u00a0coli Serogroups 64474, O179, O188 and Shigella\u00a0boydii O16"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Edwin Omar","family":"Desales-Decaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-8247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graciela","family":"Castro-Escarpulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7172-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Salda\u00f1a-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7142-1975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cravioto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4763-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo G.","family":"Castel\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Navarro-Oca\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz028","article-title":"Structure and Genetics of Escherichia coli O Antigens","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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