{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:54:01Z","timestamp":1790891641230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS121016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS121016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01 NS121016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS121016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009192","name":"Alberta Innovates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201900008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201900008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009192","name":"Alberta Innovates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201600009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201600009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["201900008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201900008"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ynafe15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["201600009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201600009"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ynafe15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals, caused by the conformational conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its misfolded, infectious isoform PrPSc. Recently, camel prion disease (CPrD) was identified in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Algeria. Due to the potential implications for animal and human health, as well as the possible socio-economic impact in Mediterranean regions where camels play a pivotal role as a source of food, in-depth characterization of camel prions is important to increase our understanding of camel prion disease. We developed a neuronal cell line model for studying the molecular features of camel prion infection. We genetically edited mouse neuronal CAD5 cells to generate CAD5 PrP knockout (KO) cells. We then used lentiviral transduction to generate CAD5 cells expressing camel PrP (CAD5-camel-PrP). Following infection of these cells with a CPrD-positive camel brain homogenate, we observed PrPSc signals at various passages, as indicated by immunoblotting analysis. RT-QuIC (Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion) assays further supported these findings, demonstrating transient prion conversion activity in the CPrD-infected CAD5-camel-PrP cells. Taken together, our data describe the first neuronal cell line permissive to camel prion infection, a novel in vitro tool for mechanistic studies of camel prion disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15050472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1777388973000},"page":"472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Neuronal Cell Line Model for Studying Camel Prions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Basant","family":"Abdulrahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabboo","family":"Rahimi Aqdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa","family":"Ahmed-Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Razcon-Echeagaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Gilch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baaissa","family":"Babelhadj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Ouargla, Cit\u00e9 Ennasr, Ouargla 30000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0215-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Vaccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermann M.","family":"Sch\u00e4tzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6801762","article-title":"Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie","volume":"216","author":"Prusiner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110711-155524","article-title":"Biology and genetics of prions causing neurodegeneration","volume":"47","author":"Prusiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. 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