{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:10:16Z","timestamp":1785424216174,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003199","name":"France-AgriMer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ECEDP0921005124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECEDP0921005124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["ECEDP0921005124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECEDP0921005124"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048nn3q69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yersinia enterocolitica strains of biotype 4 (BT4) are the most prevalent in human cases in France, followed by biotype 2 (BT2). We evaluated four BT4 porcine (P) isolates and four BT2 bovine (B) isolates for their ability to survive at 4 \u00b0C in culture broth and on meat, exhibit motility at 4 \u00b0C and 12 \u00b0C, adhere to stainless steel at 12 \u00b0C, resist five biocides, and infect human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The objective was to determine whether animal isolates that genetically cluster with human (H) isolates (P+H+, B+H+) differ phenotypically from non-clustering isolates (P+H\u2212, B+H\u2212), based on core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) using allelic distance thresholds of \u22645 for BT4 and \u22643 for BT2 isolates. No significant difference was observed for BT4 between P+H+ and P+H\u2212 isolates, nor for BT2 between B+H+ and B+H\u2212 isolates, for any test, except for motility. Porcine isolates clustering with human isolates (H+) exhibited a significantly reduced motility compared with non-clustering isolates (H\u2212) (p-value &lt; 0.05). In contrast, bovine isolates clustering with human isolates (H+) showed a significantly higher motility than non-clustering isolates (H\u2212). Motility plays a role in the early stages of biofilm formation but is not directly involved in virulence, as Y. enterocolitica becomes non-motile at 37 \u00b0C. Animal isolates that did not cluster with human isolates displayed traits enabling their transmission along the food chain, suggesting potential low-level human exposure, asymptomatic carriage, or links to unreported infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15050512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:11:31Z","timestamp":1779196291000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do Human-Infecting Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates Exhibit Adaptive Phenotypes?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0950-2256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"Denis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), F-22440 Ploufragan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Houard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), F-22440 Ploufragan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adiel","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), F-22440 Ploufragan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Le Grandois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Unit of Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues, and Resistance (AB2R), F-35306 Foug\u00e8res, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5070-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Feurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIP, The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, F-35850 Pac\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Bi\u00e8che-Terrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idele, French Livestock Institute, Department of Carcass and Meat Quality, F-14310 Villers-Bocage, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-3433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Savin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Center for Plague & Other Yersiniosis, WHO Collaborating Centre for Plague Fra-140, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5721-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Soumet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Unit of Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues, and Resistance (AB2R), F-35306 Foug\u00e8res, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1051-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Le Guern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Center for Plague & Other Yersiniosis, WHO Collaborating Centre for Plague Fra-140, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA, and ECDC (2023). 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