{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:07:52Z","timestamp":1785434872496,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002301","name":"Estonian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PRG1441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG1441"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["PRG1441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG1441"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00jjeja18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study used three complementary datasets to investigate the relationship between human Campylobacter infections in Estonia and potential sources. A targeted dataset of 15 C. jejuni genomes with overlapping sequence types from human cases and broiler chicken meat was analysed using genotyping and in silico antimicrobial resistance profiling, alongside 20 human isolates for source attribution. Additionally, 12,111 isolates were analysed to provide population-level context. The core genome multilocus sequence typing showed a high similarity (less than three allelic differences) between the human and broiler isolates of ST122, ST464, and ST7355, indicating poultry as a likely source, whereas ST9882 was more divergent (13\u201318 allelic differences). The resistance profiles were consistent within ST122, ST464, and ST7355, and all were resistant to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and tetracycline, while ST9882 additionally exhibited aminoglycoside (streptomycin) resistance. The source attribution linked 77.8% of the human cases to chicken and 22.2% to cattle. A novel genotype, ST11001, was identified in humans and attributed to cattle source, while C. coli isolates were linked to birds and sheep. Poultry dominated the larger dataset (87.3%). Gastroenteritis was the predominant clinical presentation (98.5%), whereas ST22 and ST122 were associated with Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. These findings support poultry as a major reservoir of human Campylobacter infections and highlight the need for coordinated cross-border surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15050539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:07:26Z","timestamp":1779206846000},"page":"539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sources of Human Campylobacteriosis Cases in Estonia and the Genomic Associations with Broiler Chicken Meat Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ilijana","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, F. R. Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3642-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna Katriina","family":"Takkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, F. R. Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1490-1437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Takkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Juhonpolku 8, 15540 Vill\u00e4hde, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7835-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mati","family":"Roasto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, F. R. Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5395-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihkel","family":"M\u00e4esaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, F. R. Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) (2023). The European Union One Health 2022 zoonoses report. 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