{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:47:57Z","timestamp":1792003677430,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":234,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks are haematophagous ectoparasites and vectors of a diverse range of pathogens, exerting substantial impacts on wildlife, domestic animals and public health. In Australia, despite the country\u2019s rich and unique biodiversity, a comprehensive understanding of ticks and tick-borne pathogens associated with wildlife remains limited. Environmental change, urban expansion and climate variability are increasingly disrupting wildlife habitats, potentially intensifying interactions between wildlife hosts, ticks and humans. A broad evidence synthesis of studies published between January 1940 and March 2024 was conducted, retrieving 133 eligible records from Web of Science, CABI Abstracts and PubMed databases. Fifty tick species parasitising 160 wildlife species were identified, predominantly from the genera Ixodes, Amblyomma and Haemaphysalis. The most commonly reported hosts included marsupials, particularly bandicoots, wallabies and possums, with notable tick species being Ixodes tasmani, Ixodes holocyclus and Amblyomma triguttatum. Microorganism records were relatively limited and mostly represented molecular detections or reported associations, including Babesia, Borrelia, Coxiella, Rickettsia and Theileria species, rather than confirmed vector competence, reservoir status or pathogenicity. Key limitations included geographic sampling biases towards eastern Australia, limited molecular identification of ticks and infrequent pathogen screening, particularly regarding the ecology, epidemiology and molecular diversity of host\u2013vector\u2013microorganism interactions. Improved surveillance, expanded molecular characterisation, and integrated One Health investigations are required to better understand the ecological and public health significance of these host\u2013vector\u2013microorganism interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15060646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:37:42Z","timestamp":1781879862000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms in Australian Wildlife: A Scoping One Health Evidence Synthesis of Reported Associations and Knowledge Gaps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2178-9859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kabir","family":"Brar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar E.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Beveridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5097-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Gauci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7714-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Ghafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1071\/MA18062","article-title":"Ticks in Australia: Endemics; exotics; which ticks bite humans?","volume":"39","author":"Barker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Aust."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5253.1.1","article-title":"Ticks of Australasia: 125 species of ticks in and around Australia","volume":"5253","author":"Barker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1179\/136485911X12899838413628","article-title":"Tick paralysis in Australia caused by Ixodes holocyclus Neumann","volume":"105","author":"Craig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3816.1.1","article-title":"Ticks of Australia: The species that infest domestic animals and humans","volume":"3816","author":"Barker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.08.008","article-title":"A list of the 70 species of Australian ticks; diagnostic guides to and species accounts of Ixodes holocyclus (paralysis tick), Ixodes cornuatus (southern paralysis tick) and Rhipicephalus australis (Australian cattle tick); and consideration of the place of Australia in the evolution of ticks with comments on four controversial ideas","volume":"44","author":"Barker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehhaghi, M., Kazemi Shariat Panahi, H., Holmes, E.C., Hudson, B.J., Schloeffel, R., and Guillemin, G.J. (2019). Human tick-borne diseases in Australia. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00003"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.12.006","article-title":"Biology of ticks","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.1.2345","article-title":"Ticks as vectors: Taxonomy, biology and ecology","volume":"34","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"6938","article-title":"Overview: Ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals","volume":"13","author":"Venzal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005967","article-title":"The global importance of ticks","volume":"129","author":"Jongejan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-052720-094533","article-title":"The impacts of climate change on ticks and tick-borne disease risk","volume":"66","author":"Gilbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab047","article-title":"The contribution of wildlife hosts to the rise of ticks and tick-borne diseases in North America","volume":"58","author":"Tsao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Chapman, A.D. (2009). Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, Australian Biological Resources Study."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Cresswell, I., and Murphy, H. (2017). Australia State of the Environment 2016: Biodiversity, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/emr.12594","article-title":"Australia\u2019s biodiversity crisis and the need for the Biodiversity Council","volume":"24","author":"Dielenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Manag. Restor."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor-Brown, A., Booth, R., Gillett, A., Mealy, E., Ogbourne, S.M., Polkinghorne, A., and Conroy, G.C. (2019). The impact of human activities on Australian wildlife. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206958"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scanes, C.G., and Toukhsati, S.R. (2018). Human activity and habitat loss: Destruction, fragmentation, and degradation. Animals and Human Society, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805247-1.00026-5"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3991\/ijes.v7i1.10031","article-title":"Climate change 101: How everyday activities contribute to the ever-growing issue","volume":"7","author":"Driga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Recent Contrib. Eng. Sci. IT"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onyango, M.G., Ciota, A.T., and Kramer, L.D. (2020). The vector-host-pathogen interface: The next frontier in the battle against mosquito-borne viral diseases?. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.564518"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephen, C., and Duncan, C. (2022). Climate Change and Animal Health, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003149774"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2019.02.006","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases","volume":"54","author":"McArthur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oskam, C., Ronai, I., and Irwin, P. (2021). The emergence of tick-borne diseases in domestic animals in Australia. Climate, Ticks and Disease, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781789249637.0061"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211043788","article-title":"Characterising DSCATT: A case series of Australian patients with debilitating symptom complexes attributed to ticks","volume":"56","author":"Schnall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2058-z","article-title":"Searching for Lyme borreliosis in Australia: Results of a canine sentinel study","volume":"10","author":"Irwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, S., and Groves, C. (2015). Taxonomy of Australian Mammals, CSIRO Publishing.","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486300136"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Baker, A.M., and Gynther, I. (2023). Strahan\u2019s Mammals of Australia, Reed New Holland. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227","article-title":"Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited","volume":"83","author":"Bush","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1654\/4272.1","article-title":"Bothriocroton hydrosauri (formerly Aponomma hydrosauri) (Denny, 1843) (Acari: Ixodidae), new parasite record for the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis (Scincidae) from Australia","volume":"74","author":"Fenner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1654\/4339.1","article-title":"Ectoparasites and skin lesions in wild-caught spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)","volume":"75","author":"Vilcins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2389","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14581","article-title":"Metatranscriptomic profiling reveals diverse tick-borne bacteria, protozoans and viruses in ticks and wildlife from Australia","volume":"69","author":"Gofton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghafar, A., Davies, N., Tadepalli, M., Breidahl, A., Death, C., Haros, P., Li, Y., Dann, P., Cabezas-Cruz, A., and Moutailler, S. (2023). Unravelling the diversity of microorganisms in ticks from Australian wildlife. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020153"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12643","article-title":"An invasive human commensal and a native marsupial maintain tick populations at the urban fringe","volume":"37","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-1994-y","article-title":"Novel Chlamydiales genotypes identified in ticks from Australian wildlife","volume":"10","author":"Burnard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.00442","article-title":"Parasitic infections of brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula in urbanised environments and bushland in the greater Perth region, Western Australia","volume":"2018","author":"Hillman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101407","article-title":"Bacterial community profiling highlights complex diversity and novel organisms in wildlife ticks","volume":"11","author":"Egan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101439","article-title":"Invasive rabbits host immature Ixodes ticks at the urban-forest interface","volume":"11","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13119","article-title":"Tick paralysis in Australian birds caused by Ixodes holocyclus","volume":"99","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0958-3","article-title":"Inhibition of the endosymbiont \u201cCandidatus Midichloria mitochondrii\u201d during 16S rRNA gene profiling reveals potential pathogens in Ixodes ticks from Australia","volume":"8","author":"Gofton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO18018","article-title":"New host records for ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) revealed in Australian museum survey","volume":"65","author":"Krige","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05165-2","article-title":"Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick","volume":"15","author":"Barker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-1997-8","article-title":"Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host","volume":"10","author":"Ash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.06670","article-title":"Consistent individual differences in ecto-parasitism of a long-lived lizard host","volume":"129","author":"Payne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadepalli, M., Vincent, G., Hii, S.F., Watharow, S., Graves, S., and Stenos, J. (2021). Molecular evidence of novel spotted fever group Rickettsia species in Amblyomma albolimbatum ticks from the shingleback skink (Tiliqua rugosa) in southern Western Australia. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010035"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101859","article-title":"A mammal tick with a taste for lizard blood: Parasitism by the kangaroo soft tick, Ornithodoros gurneyi on sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa)","volume":"13","author":"Norval","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1725.1","article-title":"Molecular and morphological description of a Hepatozoon species in reptiles and their ticks in the Northern Territory, Australia","volume":"95","author":"Vilcins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"820","article-title":"Redescription of Ixodes victoriensis Nuttall, 1916 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from marsupials in Victoria, Australia","volume":"21","author":"Weaver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4324.2.4","article-title":"A new species of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) from seabirds in New Zealand and Australia, previously misidentified as Ixodes eudyptidis","volume":"4324","author":"Heath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0312-5","article-title":"Ixodes heathi n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a co-endangered tick from the critically endangered mountain pygmy possum (Burramys parvus), with notes on its biology and conservation","volume":"76","author":"Kwak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04565-6","article-title":"Morphological identification of ticks and molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens from bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus)","volume":"14","author":"Beard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"000730","article-title":"The bacterial biome of ticks and their wildlife hosts at the urban-wildland interface","volume":"7","author":"Egan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.03.006","article-title":"Rediscovery of Ixodes confusus in Australia with the first description of the male from Australia, a redescription of the female and the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of five species of Ixodes","volume":"18","author":"Barker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2007.00183.x","article-title":"Distributions of the paralysis ticks Ixodes cornuatus and Ixodes holocyclus in south-eastern Australia","volume":"85","author":"Jackson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05937-4","article-title":"Characterisation and comparative genomics of three new Varanus-associated Borrelia spp. from Indonesia and Australia","volume":"16","author":"Gofton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2182","article-title":"A molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens from ticks collected in Central Queensland, Australia","volume":"18","author":"Chalada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003057","article-title":"Rickettsia fournieri sp. nov., a novel spotted fever group rickettsia from Argas lagenoplastis ticks in Australia","volume":"68","author":"Diop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.07.007","article-title":"Isolation of a divergent strain of Rickettsia japonica from Dew\u2019s Australian bat argasid ticks (Argas (Carios) dewae) in Victoria, Australia","volume":"9","author":"Izzard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531205","article-title":"Amblyomma vikirri n. sp. (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a parasite of the gidgee skink Egernia stokesii (Reptilia: Scincidae) from South Australia","volume":"34","author":"Keirans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Syst. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0642-4","article-title":"Hosts of the exotic ornate kangaroo tick, Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum Koch, on southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia","volume":"101","author":"Waudby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-011-0729-3","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii in western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville) from Bernier and Dorre Islands in Western Australia","volume":"8","author":"Bennett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/11.5.513","article-title":"Subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 20. A. (P.) robertsi parasitizing nesting wading birds and domestic chickens in Australian and Oriental regions, viral infections, and host migration","volume":"11","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9840085","article-title":"Isolation of a new arbovirus from the tick Argas robertsi from a cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis coromandus) colony in Australia","volume":"37","author":"Cybinski","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aust. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1071\/MU08052","article-title":"The prevalence and intensity of tick infestation in passerines from South Australia","volume":"109","author":"Oorebeek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emu"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.05.005","article-title":"Molecular surveillance of piroplasms in ticks from small and medium-sized urban and peri-urban mammals in Australia","volume":"7","author":"Loh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"184","article-title":"The distribution of reptile ticks in South Australia: More complex than assumed","volume":"13","author":"Andrews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Roberts, F.H.S. (1970). Australian Ticks, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, A.D., Gofton, A.W., Paparini, A., Codello, A., Greay, T., Gillett, A., Warren, K., Irwin, P., and Ryan, U. (2017). Increased genetic diversity and prevalence of co-infection with Trypanosoma spp. in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and their ticks identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181279"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.03.007","article-title":"Peri-urban black rats host a rich assembly of ticks and healthier rats have more ticks","volume":"10","author":"Lydecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krige, A.S., Thompson, R.C.A., Seidlitz, A., Keatley, S., Wayne, J., and Clode, P.L. (2021). Molecular detection of Trypanosoma spp. in questing and feeding ticks (Ixodidae) collected from an endemic region of south-west Australia. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10081037"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2003.tb12546.x","article-title":"Zoonotic importance of parasites in wild dogs caught in the vicinity of Townsville","volume":"81","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"23","article-title":"Systematic status of Aponomma tachyglossi Roberts (Acari: Ixodidae) from echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus, from Queensland, Australia","volume":"11","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-009-9260-4","article-title":"Molecular detection of Rickettsia, Coxiella and Rickettsiella DNA in three native Australian tick species","volume":"49","author":"Vilcins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.12.012","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterisation of Babesia and Theileria in Australian hard ticks","volume":"9","author":"Mitrovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1071\/AM18033","article-title":"Investigation of ticks and red blood cell parasites of a population of reintroduced mainland tammar wallabies (Notamacropus eugenii eugenii)","volume":"41","author":"Waudby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. Mammal."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain-Yusuf, H., Stenos, J., Vincent, G., Shima, A., Abell, S., Preece, N.D., Tadepalli, M., Hii, S.F., Bowie, N., and Mitram, K. (2020). Screening for Rickettsia, Coxiella and Borrelia species in ticks from Queensland, Australia. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121016"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO23010","article-title":"Changes in parasite species distributions could be driven by host range expansions: The case of hybridisation between two Australian reptile ticks","volume":"70","author":"Barnden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.05.002","article-title":"An assessment of ectoparasites across highland and lowland populations of Leadbeater\u2019s possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri): Implications for genetic rescue translocations","volume":"18","author":"Steventon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1071\/MU05055","article-title":"Ticks (Ixodes sp.) and blood parasites (Haemoproteus spp.) in New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae): Evidence for site specificity and fitness costs","volume":"106","author":"Kleindorfer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emu"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-6055.2008.00682.x","article-title":"Genetic structure in ixodid ticks from Kangaroo Island and the South Australia mainland","volume":"48","author":"Chapman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust. J. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0839-9","article-title":"Detection of Theileria orientalis genotypes in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from southern Australia","volume":"8","author":"Hammer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2579-5","article-title":"Reptile-associated Borrelia species in the goanna tick (Bothriocroton undatum) from Sydney, Australia","volume":"10","author":"Panetta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"48","article-title":"Do avian ticks (Ixodes hirsti) influence host phenotype in New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae)?","volume":"141","author":"Taggart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13714","article-title":"Tandem host-parasite dispersal inferred from similarities in phylogeographical patterns among little penguins and their \u2018terrestrial\u2019 ectoparasites","volume":"46","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-08108-7","article-title":"Detection of tick-borne bacterial DNA (Rickettsia sp.) in reptile ticks Amblyomma moreliae from New South Wales, Australia","volume":"123","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.08.002","article-title":"Cryptic species diversity in ticks that transmit disease in Australia","volume":"10","author":"McCann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01358-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01358-18","article-title":"Extensive diversity of RNA viruses in Australian ticks","volume":"93","author":"Harvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"153","article-title":"Comparison of some molecular markers for tick species identification","volume":"13","author":"Abouelhassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Arthropod Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42297-5","article-title":"Multilevel fine-scale diversity challenges the \u2018cryptic species\u2019 concept","volume":"9","author":"Korshunova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5410.1.5","article-title":"The first cryptic genus of Ixodida, Cryptocroton n. gen. for Amblyomma papuanum Hirst, 1914: A tick of North Queensland, Australia, and Papua New Guinea","volume":"5410","author":"Barker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1043-7","article-title":"Reliability of molecular host-identification methods for ticks: An experimental in vitro study with Ixodes ricinus","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19834","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69768-8","article-title":"Applying MALDI-TOF MS to resolve morphologic and genetic similarities between two Dermacentor tick species of public health importance","volume":"14","author":"Galletti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00168-4","article-title":"Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis: A valuable technique for providing answers to problems in parasite systematics","volume":"29","author":"Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00103-X","article-title":"Genetic variation within the ticks Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes cornuatus from south-eastern Australia","volume":"30","author":"Jackson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"91","article-title":"Variation in the attachment sites of ticks to Australian lizards","volume":"12","author":"Andrews","year":"2007","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.02.022","article-title":"Landscapes within landscapes: A parasite utilizes different ecological niches on the host landscapes of two host species","volume":"193","author":"Lydecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1981.tb02670.x","article-title":"Observations on diseases of free-living and captive koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)","volume":"57","author":"McKenzie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-25.4.521","article-title":"Lesions associated with metazoan parasites of wild platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)","volume":"25","author":"Whittington","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11505.x","article-title":"Effects of the paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, on the electrocardiogram of the spectacled flying fox, Pteropus conspicillatus","volume":"81","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.1.218","article-title":"Parasites of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata)","volume":"46","author":"Barnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buettner, P.G., Westcott, D.A., Maclean, J., Brown, L., McKeown, A., Johnson, A., Wilson, K., Blair, D., Luly, J., and Skerratt, L. (2013). Tick paralysis in spectacled flying-foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) in North Queensland, Australia: Impact of a ground-dwelling ectoparasite finding an arboreal host. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073078"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-27.2.269","article-title":"Some effects of tick infestations on juvenile northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus)","volume":"27","author":"Gemmell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02341970","article-title":"Haematological characterisation of heavy tick infestation in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)","volume":"3","author":"Spencer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Comp. Haematol. Int."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogelnest, L., and Woods, R. (2009). Medicine of Australian Mammals, CSIRO Publishing.","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643097971"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.05.005","article-title":"Tick host immunity: Vector immunomodulation and acquired tick resistance","volume":"42","author":"Kitsou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.06.009","article-title":"The ecology of tick-borne diseases","volume":"43","author":"Littwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00085-0","article-title":"Influence of temperature and relative humidity on the moulting success of Amblyomma limbatum and Aponomma hydrosauri (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae and nymphs","volume":"30","author":"Chilton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1071\/WR99108","article-title":"Parasites of the bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)","volume":"28","author":"Turni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Wildl. Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO06073","article-title":"Variation in ectoparasite infestation on the brown antechinus, Antechinus stuartii, with regard to host, habitat and environmental parameters","volume":"55","author":"Lorch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0604-x","article-title":"Seasonal density fluctuations of the exotic ornate kangaroo tick, Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum Koch, and its distribution on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia","volume":"101","author":"Waudby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.10.006","article-title":"Ectoparasites are unlikely to be a primary cause of population declines of bent-winged bats in south-eastern Australia","volume":"7","author":"Holz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2006.140003","article-title":"Novel phlebovirus with zoonotic potential isolated from ticks, Australia","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2112.141303","article-title":"Hunter Island Group phlebovirus in ticks, Australia","volume":"21","author":"Gauci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.249483","article-title":"Attempt to uncover reservoirs of human spotted fever rickettsiosis on the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia","volume":"55","author":"Taggart","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2261-y","article-title":"Impact of life stage-dependent dispersal on the colonization dynamics of host patches by ticks and tick-borne infectious agents","volume":"10","author":"Kada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.7882\/AZ.2015.008","article-title":"Are urban bandicoots solely to blame for tick concerns?","volume":"37","author":"Lydecker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Zool."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0217-3","article-title":"The first records of human infestation by the hard tick Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis (Acari: Ixodidae), with a review of human infestation by ticks in Australia","volume":"74","author":"Kwak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.24349\/acarologia\/20204389","article-title":"Three instances of reptile ticks parasitising humans","volume":"60","author":"Norval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acarologia"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101873","article-title":"First record of the stump-tailed lizard tick, Amblyomma albolimbatum (Ixodida, Ixodidae) parasitising a human","volume":"13","author":"Egan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2020.1782745","article-title":"Diagnosis & management of alpha-gal syndrome: Lessons from 2,500 patients","volume":"16","author":"Commins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/79.suppl_1.S1","article-title":"Urbanization, urbanicity, and health","volume":"79","author":"Vlahov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.001","article-title":"Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases","volume":"22","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170086","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0086","article-title":"Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host\u2013parasite dynamics in wildlife","volume":"373","author":"Becker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.00027","article-title":"Ectoparasite infestation patterns, haematology and serum biochemistry of urban-dwelling common brushtail possums","volume":"20","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.086","article-title":"Urban environments alter parasite fauna, weight and reproductive activity in the quenda (Isoodon obesulus)","volume":"607\u2013608","author":"Hillman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2021.100052","article-title":"Haemoprotozoan surveillance in peri-urban native and introduced wildlife from Australia","volume":"1","author":"Egan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.01.021","article-title":"Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma","volume":"49","author":"Battilani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.03.022","article-title":"Productivity and health effects of anaplasmosis and babesiosis on Bos indicus cattle and their crosses, and the effects of differing intensity of tick control in Australia","volume":"155","author":"Jonsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2001.tb10747.x","article-title":"Detection of Ehrlichia platys in dogs in Australia","volume":"79","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapiro, A.J., Brown, G., Norris, J.M., Bosward, K.L., Marriot, D.J., Balakrishnan, N., Breitschwerdt, E.B., and Malik, R. (2017). Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases of dogs in north-west New South Wales and the Northern Territory, Australia. BMC Vet. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1169-2"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0372","article-title":"Case report: Molecular evidence of Anaplasma platys infection in two women from Venezuela","volume":"91","author":"Qurollo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gofton, A.W., Doggett, S., Ratchford, A., Oskam, C.L., Paparini, A., Ryan, U., and Irwin, P. (2015). Bacterial profiling reveals novel \u201cCa. Neoehrlichia\u201d, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma species in Australian human-biting ticks. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145449"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.05.009","article-title":"Detection and phylogenetic characterisation of novel Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in Amblyomma triguttatum subsp. from four allopatric populations in Australia","volume":"8","author":"Gofton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.09.019","article-title":"Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and \u201cCandidatus Neoehrlichia\u201d bacteria: Pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review","volume":"11","author":"Rar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo, M.G., Ouh, I.O., and Kwak, D. (2023). Detection and genotypic analysis of Anaplasma bovis and A. phagocytophilum in horse blood and lung tissue. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043239"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230559","article-title":"Anaplasma bovis-like infections in humans, United States, 2015\u20132017","volume":"29","author":"Karpathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2016.03.003","article-title":"Is there a Lyme-like disease in Australia? Summary of the findings to date","volume":"2","author":"Chalada","year":"2016","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1627-x","article-title":"Novel Borrelia species detected in echidna ticks, Bothriocroton concolor, in Australia","volume":"9","author":"Loh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00396-8","article-title":"The global distribution and the risk prediction of relapsing fever group Borrelia: A data review with modelling analysis","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1962.29","article-title":"A new species of Borrelia (B. queenslandica) from Rattus villosissimus in Queensland","volume":"40","author":"Carley","year":"1962","journal-title":"Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Celina, S.S., and \u010cern\u00fd, J. (2022). Coxiella burnetii in ticks, livestock, pets and wildlife: A mini-review. Front. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1068129"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"12","author":"Maurin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0853","article-title":"Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA in wildlife and ticks in Northern Queensland, Australia","volume":"13","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graves, S.R., Jackson, C., Hussain-Yusuf, H., Vincent, G., Nguyen, C., Stenos, J., and Webster, M. (2016). Ixodes holocyclus tick-transmitted human pathogens in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 1.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed1010004"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duron, O., No\u00ebl, V., McCoy, K.D., Bonazzi, M., Sidi-Boumedine, K., Morel, O., Vavre, F., Zenner, L., Jourdain, E., and Durand, P. (2015). The recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the Q fever pathogen, Coxiella burnetii. PLoS Pathog., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004892"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.06.014","article-title":"The importance of ticks in Q fever transmission: What has (and has not) been demonstrated?","volume":"31","author":"Duron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2017.01.009","article-title":"Rickettsiae as emerging infectious agents","volume":"37","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.5.876","article-title":"Spotted fever group rickettsial infections in Australia","volume":"13","author":"Sexton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(93)90149-Y","article-title":"Spotted fever group rickettsial infection in south-eastern Australia: Isolation of rickettsiae","volume":"16","author":"Graves","year":"1993","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.314","article-title":"Aponomma hydrosauri, the reptile-associated tick reservoir of Rickettsia honei on Flinders Island, Australia","volume":"69","author":"Stenos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1304.060087","article-title":"Flinders Island spotted fever rickettsioses caused by \u201cmarmionii\u201d strain of Rickettsia honei, Eastern Australia","volume":"13","author":"Unsworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2856-y","article-title":"Neglected aspects of tick-borne rickettsioses","volume":"11","author":"Tomassone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0427","article-title":"Evidence for the presence of Francisella and spotted fever group Rickettsia DNA in the tick Amblyomma fimbriatum (Acari: Ixodidae), Northern Territory, Australia","volume":"46","author":"Vilcins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.04.018","article-title":"High prevalence of Rickettsia gravesii sp. nov. in Amblyomma triguttatum collected from feral pigs","volume":"146","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090799","article-title":"Novel Rickettsia in ticks, Tasmania, Australia","volume":"15","author":"Izzard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whiley, H., Custance, G., Graves, S., Stenos, J., Taylor, M., Ross, K., and Gardner, M.G. (2016). Rickettsia detected in the reptile tick Bothriocroton hydrosauri from the lizard Tiliqua rugosa in South Australia. Pathogens, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5020041"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.02.015","article-title":"Detection of a Hepatozoon and spotted fever group Rickettsia species in the common marsupial tick (Ixodes tasmani) collected from wild Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), Tasmania","volume":"162","author":"Vilcins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.4.745","article-title":"Detection of a spotted fever group Rickettsia in the tick Ixodes tasmani collected from koalas in Port Macquarie, Australia","volume":"45","author":"Vilcins","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001865","article-title":"Rickettsia gravesii sp. nov.: A novel spotted fever group rickettsia in Western Australian Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum ticks","volume":"67","author":"Abdad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2021.100037","article-title":"Illuminating the bacterial microbiome of Australian ticks with 16S and Rickettsia-specific next-generation sequencing","volume":"1","author":"Greay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0915","article-title":"Rickettsia australis and Queensland tick typhus: A rickettsial spotted fever group infection in Australia","volume":"97","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005190","article-title":"Babesiosis of cattle","volume":"129","author":"Bock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11378","article-title":"First report of human babesiosis in Australia","volume":"196","author":"Senanayake","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9780435","article-title":"Observations on spontaneous stress-related mortality among males of the dasyurid marsupial Antechinus stuartii Macleay","volume":"26","author":"Barker","year":"1978","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2012.12.001","article-title":"Observation of a novel Babesia spp. in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia","volume":"2","author":"Dawood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.02.002","article-title":"A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis)","volume":"4","author":"Donahoe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.04.007","article-title":"Prevalence, genetic diversity and potential clinical impact of blood-borne and enteric protozoan parasites in native mammals from northern Australia","volume":"238","author":"Barbosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.02.021","article-title":"Identification of novel Babesia and Theileria genotypes in the endangered marsupials, the woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) and boodie (Bettongia lesueur)","volume":"131","author":"Paparini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3370-6","article-title":"Increased Trypanosoma spp. richness and prevalence of haemoparasite co-infection following translocation","volume":"12","author":"Northover","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egan, S.L., Ruiz-Aravena, M., Austen, J.M., Barton, X., Comte, S., Hamilton, D.G., Hamede, R.K., Ryan, U.M., Irwin, P.J., and Jones, M.E. (2020). Blood parasites in endangered wildlife\u2014Trypanosomes discovered during a survey of haemoprotozoa from the Tasmanian devil. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9110873"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.03.002","article-title":"Epidemiology and molecular phylogeny of Babesia sp. in little penguins Eudyptula minor in Australia","volume":"4","author":"Vanstreels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"266","article-title":"Babesia thylacis (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) in a northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), from Western Australia","volume":"63","author":"Bangs","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2775-y","article-title":"Endemic, exotic and novel apicomplexan parasites detected during a national study of ticks from companion animals in Australia","volume":"11","author":"Greay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1071\/MA18067","article-title":"Bovine theileriosis in Australia: A decade of disease","volume":"39","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Aust."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, A.D., Austen, J., Portas, T.J., Friend, J.A., Ahlstrom, L.A., Oskam, C.L., Ryan, U.M., and Irwin, P.J. (2019). Sequence analyses at mitochondrial and nuclear loci reveal a novel Theileria sp. and aid in the phylogenetic resolution of piroplasms from Australian marsupials and ticks. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225822"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.09.007","article-title":"Deep-sequencing to resolve complex diversity of apicomplexan parasites in platypuses and echidnas: Proof of principle for wildlife disease investigation","volume":"55","author":"Saverimuttu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12225","article-title":"Haemolytic anaemia associated with Theileria sp. in an orphaned platypus","volume":"92","author":"Kessell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.24349\/acarologia\/20184287","article-title":"The first DNA barcodes for the Australian platypus tick Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucas, 1846 (Acari: Ixodidae) to facilitate conservation efforts for a declining parasite and its host","volume":"58","author":"Kwak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acarologia"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-12-335","article-title":"Investigation into individual health and exposure to infectious agents of platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in two river catchments in northwest Tasmania","volume":"53","author":"Macgregor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.02.001","article-title":"Identification of Theileria fuliginosa-like species in Ixodes australiensis ticks from western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) in Western Australia","volume":"9","author":"Loh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_180","first-page":"100","article-title":"Description of three new species of Theileria Bettencourt, Franca & Borges, 1907 from Macropodoidea in Western Australia","volume":"131","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.03.013","article-title":"A high prevalence of Theileria penicillata in woylies (Bettongia penicillata)","volume":"131","author":"Rong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.7589\/2019-05-120","article-title":"Baseline health and disease assessment of founder eastern quolls (Dasyurus viverrinus) during a conservation translocation to mainland Australia","volume":"56","author":"Portas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2009.00398.x","article-title":"Theileria gilberti n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Theileriidae) in the Gilbert\u2019s potoroo (Potorous gilbertii)","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31510-6","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"390","author":"Cecchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000497","article-title":"Vector of Trypanosoma copemani identified as Ixodes sp.","volume":"138","author":"Austen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.05.008","article-title":"\u2018Hang on a tick\u2019\u2014Are ticks really the vectors for Australian trypanosomes?","volume":"35","author":"Krige","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12597","article-title":"Trypanosomiasis in an Australian little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus)","volume":"95","author":"Mackie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.05.002","article-title":"An Australian dog diagnosed with an exotic tick-borne infection: Should Australia still be considered free from Hepatozoon canis?","volume":"48","author":"Greay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.011","article-title":"Hepatozoonosis of dogs and cats","volume":"52","author":"Baneth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05392-7","article-title":"First evidence of vertical Hepatozoon canis transmission in dogs in Europe","volume":"15","author":"Nijhof","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05626-8","article-title":"Diversity of Hepatozoon species in wild mammals and ticks in Europe","volume":"16","author":"Uiterwijk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S221","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005220","article-title":"Tick-borne viruses","volume":"129","author":"Labuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800049086","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of arboviruses among seabirds and island residents of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea","volume":"107","author":"Humpherysmith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Major, L., La Linn, M., Slade, R.W., Schroder, W.A., Hyatt, A.D., Gardner, J., Cowley, J., and Suhrbier, A. (2009). Ticks associated with Macquarie Island penguins carry arboviruses from four genera. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004375"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3868-9","article-title":"Discovery of a novel iflavirus sequence in the eastern paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus","volume":"163","author":"Deliyannis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"veaa064","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaa064","article-title":"Novel hepaci- and pegi-like viruses in native Australian wildlife and non-human primates","volume":"6","author":"Porter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.12.011","article-title":"A novel Ehrlichia species in blood and Ixodes ornithorhynchi ticks from platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia","volume":"9","author":"Gofton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.152","article-title":"Tick microbiome and pathogen acquisition altered by host blood meal","volume":"11","author":"Swei","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.002","article-title":"Potential effects of blood meal host on bacterial community composition in Ixodes scapularis nymphs","volume":"10","author":"Landesman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02370-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02370-20","article-title":"Retrotransposon-based blood meal analysis of nymphal deer ticks demonstrates spatiotemporal diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti reservoirs","volume":"87","author":"Goethert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.08.011","article-title":"Climatic requirements of the eastern paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, with a consideration of its possible geographic range up to 2090","volume":"51","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102159","article-title":"MALDI-TOF MS identification of cattle ticks from Cameroon","volume":"14","author":"Diarra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101359","article-title":"Vector competence studies with hard ticks and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes: A review","volume":"11","author":"Eisen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards, S.L., Langley, R., Apperson, C.S., and Watson, E. (2017). Do tick attachment times vary between different tick-pathogen systems?. Environments, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/environments4020037"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.002","article-title":"Pathogen transmission in relation to duration of attachment by Ixodes scapularis ticks","volume":"9","author":"Eisen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-22.3.375","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of free-living and captive echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw), in Australia","volume":"22","author":"McOrist","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_207","first-page":"189","article-title":"Occurrence of the tick Haemaphysalis bancrofti Nuttall & Warburton, 1915 in Victoria with additional data on its distribution and with scanning electron micrographs of life cycle stages","volume":"123","author":"Laan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Vic."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0132","article-title":"Bartonella-like DNA detected in Ixodes tasmani ticks (Acari: Ixodida) infesting koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in Victoria, Australia","volume":"9","author":"Vilcins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_209","first-page":"200","article-title":"Observations on the biology and distribution of the tick Ixodes hirsti Hassall, 1931 (Acari: Ixodoidea)","volume":"123","author":"Laan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Vic."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00168","article-title":"Baseline health parameters for a newly established population of long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) at Booderee National Park, Australia","volume":"57","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2011.07.002","article-title":"Diversity of Bartonella species detected in arthropod vectors from animals in Australia","volume":"34","author":"Kaewmongkol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.7589\/2013-08-202","article-title":"Health evaluation of free-ranging eastern bettongs (Bettongia gaimardi) during translocation for reintroduction in Australia","volume":"50","author":"Portas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12051","article-title":"Potential animal and environmental sources of Q fever infection for humans in Queensland","volume":"61","author":"Tozer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-6055.1998.tb01556.x","article-title":"A new host record for Ixodes holocyclus Neumann and Ixodes cordifer Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) in Australia","volume":"37","author":"Jackson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust. J. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO14023","article-title":"New host records for ticks (Ixodidae) from the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) in north Queensland","volume":"62","author":"Weaver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO99056","article-title":"Parasites of the northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in tropical savanna, Northern Territory","volume":"48","author":"Oakwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.12.003","article-title":"Candidatus Bartonella antechini: A novel Bartonella species detected in fleas and ticks from the yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes), an Australian marsupial","volume":"149","author":"Kaewmongkol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12360","article-title":"A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by non-indigenous rodents at the interface of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland, Australia","volume":"64","author":"Chakma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9890657","article-title":"Parasites of the water rat, Hydromys chrysogaster, from Victoria and South Australia","volume":"37","author":"Smales","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO09072","article-title":"Parasites of Rattus colletti (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Adelaide River floodplain, Northern Territory, and comparison with assemblages in other Rattus species","volume":"57","author":"Mulder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.2003.060","article-title":"Feral pigs in tropical lowland rainforest of northeastern Australia: Ecology, zoonoses and management","volume":"9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2011.01825.x","article-title":"Using social networks to deduce whether residents or dispersers spread parasites in a lizard population","volume":"80","author":"Fenner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_223","first-page":"182","article-title":"A new host and disquieting distribution record for Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum","volume":"13","author":"Petney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1996.tb00607.x","article-title":"Microhabitat choice and its role in determining the distribution of the reptile tick Amblyomma vikirri","volume":"21","author":"Duffield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust. J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008571","article-title":"Prevalence of infection by the protozoan Hemolivia mariae in ticks","volume":"87","author":"Smallridge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317513","article-title":"The impact of tick load on the fitness of their lizard hosts","volume":"96","author":"Bull","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.04023.x","article-title":"Molecular genetic data provide support for a model of transmission dynamics in an Australian reptile tick, Bothriocroton hydrosauri","volume":"18","author":"Guzinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_228","first-page":"686","article-title":"First record of parasitism by a tick on an Australian freshwater crocodile","volume":"38","author":"Tucker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mem. Qld. Mus."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-017-0168-0","article-title":"The first record of infestation by a native tick (Acari: Ixodidae) on the Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and a review of tick paralysis in Australian birds","volume":"73","author":"Kwak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.12.007","article-title":"Australian penguin ticks screened for novel Borrelia species","volume":"9","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, K.L., Banks, S.C., and Fraser, C.I. (2015). Phylogeographic structure in penguin ticks across an ocean basin indicates allopatric divergence and rare trans-oceanic dispersal. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128514"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-006-9036-8","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characteristics of a species of Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) from the blood of Isoodon obesulus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) in Western Australia","volume":"65","author":"Wicks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Syst. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2024.100982","article-title":"Tick-borne piroplasms and trypanosomes incidentally detected in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) during a mortality and morbidity event in southern New South Wales, Australia","volume":"25","author":"Short","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/15\/6\/646\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:01:02Z","timestamp":1781881262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/15\/6\/646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":234,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens15060646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens15060646","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]}}}