{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:48:34Z","timestamp":1782802114496,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccination is one of the most important measures for infectious disease control. Recently, media-generated concern about vaccine-associated adverse effects has produced a rise in both human and animal \u201canti-vaccination\u201d movements. This study aimed to understand factors involved in dog owner vaccination decisions and explore whether there has been an increase in titer testing. An online survey targeting dog owners received a total of 2585 responses, which showed 79% of respondents had their dogs vaccinated in the last 12 months. A few owners had never vaccinated their dogs, and 13% of owners used titer testing prior to booster vaccinations. The factors with the strongest positive predictors for vaccination were requirements by third party services (e.g., kennels) and, for a negative response, lack of time. For respondents that had not vaccinated, the factors with the strongest predictive powers to determine if they titer test were education\/working in the veterinary industry for a positive response and not having heard of negative side effects after vaccinating for a negative response. Overall, no evidence was found that a rise in anti-vaccination attitudes was pervasive in dog owners; however, the study shows that the veterinary profession has work to do to ensure herd immunity is maintained within dog populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15070678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:58:04Z","timestamp":1782799084000},"page":"678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Canine Vaccination\u2014A Survey of Owner Attitudes and Adherence to Vaccination Protocols"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Katrina","family":"Warnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph Banks Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK"},{"name":"Wanderdog-Dog Training & Behaviour, Giek, 1319 BN Almere, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4765-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph Banks Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph Banks Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan H.","family":"Millson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph Banks Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3100-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon R.","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph Banks Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130433","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0433","article-title":"The contribution of vaccination to global health: Past, present and future","volume":"369","author":"Greenwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. 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